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The Zen tradition is maintained and transferred by a high degree of institutionalisation,[1][2] despite the emphasis on individual experience[3] and the iconoclastic picture of Zen.[4]
In Japan, modernity has led to criticism of the formal system and the commencement of lay-oriented Zen-schools such as the Sanbo Kyodan[5] and the Ningen Zen Kyodan.[web 1] How to organize the continuity of the Zen-tradition in the west, constraining charismatic authority and the derailment it may bring on the one hand,[6][7][8] and maintaining the legitimacy and authority by limiting the number of authorized teachers on the other hand,[9] is a challenge for the developing Zen-communities in the west.
- ^ Borup 2008.
- ^ Hori 1994.
- ^ Sharf 1995b.
- ^ McRae 2002.
- ^ Sharf 1995c.
- ^ Bell 2002.
- ^ Lachs 1999.
- ^ Lachs 2006.
- ^ Koné 2000.
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