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Bandung | |
|---|---|
| City of Bandung Kota Bandung | |
| Name transcription(s) | |
| • Sundanese | ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ |
Bandung Skyline Asia-Africa street tunnel | |
| Nicknames: Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) Parijs van Java (Paris of Java) Ibu Kota Parahyangan (Capital City of Parahyangan) | |
| Motto(s): Gemah Ripah Wibawa Mukti ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮝᮤᮘᮝ ᮙᮥᮊ᮪ᮒᮤ Prosperous, serene, prestigious, joyous | |
 Location within West Java | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 6°54′43″S 107°36′35″E / 6.9120°S 107.6097°E | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Java |
| Province |  West Java |
| Founded | 25 September 1810[1] |
| Incorporated (as gemeente) | 1 April 1906[1] |
| Administrative division | 30 districts 153 urban villages |
| Government | |
| • Body | Bandung City Government |
| • Mayor | Bambang Tirtoyuliono (Acting) |
| • Vice Mayor | Vacant |
| Area | |
| • Total | 167.31 km2 (64.60 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 487 km2 (188 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,876.8 km2 (724.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 708 m (2,323 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1,050 m (3,440 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 665 m (2,182 ft) |
| Population (mid 2023 Estimate [3]) | |
| • Total | 2,506,603 (3rd) |
| • Density | 14,982/km2 (38,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 7,512,000 (2nd) |
| • Urban density | 14,712.5/km2 (38,105/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 8,872,957 (3rd) |
| • Metro density | 4,453/km2 (11,530/sq mi) |
| Demonyms | Bandungite |
| Demographics | |
| • Ethnic groups | Sundanese, Javanese, Minangkabau, Batak, Betawi, Cirebon, Banten, Malay, Chinese, Arabs |
| • Religion[6] | Islam 92,17% Christianity 7.31% — Protestantism 5.17%% — Catholicism 2.14%% Buddhism 0.44% Hinduism 0.06% Confucianism 0.01% Others 0.01% |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Western Indonesia Time/W.I.B) |
| Postcodes | 401xx, 402xx, 406xx |
| Area code | (+62) 22 |
| Vehicle registration | D |
| Nominal GDP[7] | 2019 |
| - Total | Rp 289.3 trillion (3rd) $ 20.4 billion $ 67.3 billion (PPP) |
| - Per capita | Rp 115,382 thousand (11th) $ 8,160 $ 26,820 (PPP) |
| - Growth |  6.0% |
| HDI (2022) | 0.825 (15th) Very High |
| Largest district by area | Gedebage – 9.58 square kilometres (3.70 sq mi) |
| Largest district by population | Babakan Ciparay (142,500 – 2022 est) |
| Commuter rail |  KAI Commuter Line Bandung |
| Bus rapid transit | Trans Metro Pasundan |
| Website | bandung.go.id |
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Bandung (Sundanese: ᮊᮧᮒ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ, romanized: Kota Bandung, pronounced [ˈbandʊŋ] ⓘ; /ˈbɑːndʊŋ/, Van Ophuijsen Spelling: Bandoeng) is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia.[8] Located on the island of Java, Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and second most populous metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants.[9][5] Situated 768 meters (2,520 feet) above sea level (the highest point in the North area is at an altitude of 1,050 meters (3,445 feet), and the lowest in the South at 675 meters (2,215 feet) above sea level), approximately 140 kilometres (87 miles) southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler year-round temperatures than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies in a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains that provide a natural defence system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the capital from Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to Bandung.
The Dutch first established tea plantations around the mountains in the 18th century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the colonial capital Batavia (180 kilometres (112 miles) to the northwest). In the early 20th century, the Dutch inhabitants of Bandung demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafés, and European boutiques were opened, leading the city to be nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
After Indonesia declared independence in 1945, the city experienced ongoing development and urbanization, transforming from an idyllic town into a dense 16,500 people/km2 (per square kilometre) metropolitan area with living space for over 8 million people. New skyscrapers, high-rise buildings, bridges, and gardens have been constructed. Natural resources have been heavily exploited, particularly by conversion of the protected upland area into highland villas and real estate. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging from waste disposal and floods to a complicated traffic system resulting from a lack of road infrastructure), it still attracts large numbers of tourists, weekend sightseers, and migrants from other parts of Indonesia. In 2017 the city won a regional environmental sustainability award for having the cleanest air among major cities in ASEAN.[10] The city is also known as a Smart City, leveraging technology to improve government services and social media that alert residents to issues such as floods or traffic jams. The city is part of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network, which it joined in 2015.[11] Bandung is Indonesia's major technology centre.[12][13][14]
The first Asian-African Conference, the Bandung Conference, was hosted in Bandung by President Sukarno in 1955 and now decennial event. Redevelopment of the existing Husein Sastranegara International Airport (BDO) was completed in 2016. The new larger second airport for Greater Bandung Kertajati International Airport (KJT) opened in June 2018, just in time for the 2018 Asian Games.
- ^ a b "Dinas Pendidikan Jawa Barat".
- ^ "PU-net". bandungkota.bps.go.id.
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Bandung Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3273)
- ^ "Demographia World Urban Areas, 18th Annual Edition" (PDF). July 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ a b "PU-net". perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ Statistics Indonesia. "Population by Religion in Bandung Municipality, 2019". bandungkota.bps.go.id. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat".
- ^ Badan Pusat Statistik 2020
- ^ "Indonesia: Provinces, Regencies, Cities, Districts, Communes, Settlements - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts".
- ^ "Bandung Wins Cleanest Air Award From Asean". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ Rivers, Paul (13 December 2015). "Unesco names Singapore and Bandung as Creative Cities of Design - Asean Economist". Asean Economist.
- ^ Chandran, Nyshka (13 September 2017). "Architect-turned-mayor transforms his hometown into Indonesia's least bureaucratic city". CNBC.
- ^ Taslimson Foundation
- ^ Valentina, Jessicha (2 March 2017). "Bandung is Indonesia's leading smart city: Eco-architect". The Jakarta Post.
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