Back شعب تشاكما Arabic Чакма Byelorussian চাকমা Bengali/Bangla চাকমা BPY Chakma Catalan Čakmové Czech Chakma German Ĉakma-oj Esperanto Pueblo chakma Spanish Chakmat Finnish
𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦 | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Chakma lady in traditional attire . | |
| Total population | |
| ‹The template Approx is being considered for deletion.› ≈ 800,000 (2011–2022) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Bangladesh,[1] India[1] and Myanmar | |
 Bangladesh | 483,299 (2022)[2] |
 India | 228,281 (2011)[3] |
| Mizoram | 92,850 |
| Tripura | 84,269 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 47,073 |
| Assam | 3,166 |
| West Bengal | 175 |
| Meghalaya | 159 |
| Nagaland | 156 |
 Myanmar | 80,000[citation needed] |
| Languages | |
| Chakma | |
| Religion | |
.svg){kind=small} Theravada Buddhism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Daingnet, Tanchangya, Rakhine, Bamar | |
The Chakma people or Changhma people (Chakma:𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟𑄳𑄦), are an ethnic group from the eastern-most regions of the Indian subcontinent and Western Myanmar. They are the largest ethnic group of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of southeastern Bangladesh, and the largest in the Chakma Autonomous District Council of Mizoram, India. Significant Chakma populations are found in the northeast Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and Assam.
The Chakma possess strong ethnic affinities to Tibeto-Burman groups in Northeast India. Because of a language shift in the past to consolidate power among the tribes, they adopted an Indo-Aryan language Chakma, which is closely related to the Chittagonian language , predominant near the areas in which they live.[4] Most modern Chakma people practice Theravada Buddhism, due to 19th-century reforms and institutionalisation by Queen regnant Rani Kalindi. In Myanmar, Chakma people are known as Daingnet and are one of the 135 officially recognised ethnic groups there.[citation needed]
The Chakmas are divided into 31 clans or gozas.[4] The community is headed by the Chakma Raja, whose status as a tribal head has been historically recognised by the Government of British India and the Government of Bangladesh.
The relationships between Chakmas and their neighbours are complex. On one hand, many Chakmas are well-integrated in mainstream middle-class Bangladeshi and Indian society and are particularly notable for their service as officers and ambassadors in Bangladesh's military and diplomatic corps. Chakma politicians have served as ministers in the national ministry of Bangladesh and the state ministry of Tripura. However, the persecution of the indigenous tribes of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, of which the Chakma are the predominant ethnicity, has been described as genocidal, but since the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, violence in the area has been greatly reduced.[5][6]
- ^ a b Library of Congress Subject Headings. Vol. I (13th ed.). Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress. 1990. p. 709. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Archived from the original on 4 June 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022. See 'Chakma'. Since Chakma are not recorded as an ethnicity in all states where they live (such as Arunachal Pradesh) language is the best method to estimate their population in India.
- ^ a b ABM Razaul Karim Faquire (4 January 2019). "The mystery behind creation of Chakma speech variety". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ Sharon O'Brien (2004). "The Chittagong Hill Tracts". In Shelton, Dinah (ed.). Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity. Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 176–177.
- ^ "Hidden Bangladesh: Violence and Brutality in the Chittagong Hill Tracts". Amnesty International UK. 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
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