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Hangzhou
杭州市 Hangchow, Hang Tsei, Hangchou | |
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From top, left to right: Qianjiang New City; the Chenghuang Pavilion; Lingyin Temple; Changqiao Park on the West Lake; aerial view of the Leifeng Pagoda; Xixi National Wetland Park; the Yue Fei Temple | |
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 Location of Hangzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang | |
  Hangzhou Location of the city center in Zhejiang  Hangzhou Location of the city center in China | |
| Coordinates (Zhejiang Municipal People's Government): 30°16′01″N 120°09′11″E / 30.267°N 120.153°E | |
| Country |  China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| Municipal seat | Shangcheng District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sub-provincial city |
| • Body | Hangzhou Municipal People's Congress |
| • CCP Secretary | Liu Jie |
| • Congress Chairman | Li Huolin |
| • Mayor | Yao Gaoyuan |
| • CPPCC Chairman | Ma Weiguang |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 16,821.1 km2 (6,494.7 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 8,259.9 km2 (3,189.2 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 8,107.9 km2 (3,130.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | 11,936,010 |
| • Density | 710/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 10,711,238 |
| • Urban density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 13,035,329 |
| • Metro density | 1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi) |
| • National rank | 5th |
| Demonym(s) | Hangzhounese[2][3][4] (杭州人, Hángzhōurén) |
| GDP[5] | |
| • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city | CN¥ 1.875 trillion US$ 278.857 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 175,587 US$ 27,223 |
| • Metro | CN¥ 3.970 trillion US$ 590.339 billion |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 310000 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-ZJ-01 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 浙A |
| Regional variety | Wu: Hangzhou dialect |
| Website | Hangzhou.gov.cn |
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| Hangzhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.svg){kind=small} "Hangzhou" in Chinese characters | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 杭州 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wu | ɦaŋ-tsei (Hangzhou dialect) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Postal | Hangchow | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Hang Prefecture" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Qiantang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 钱塘 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 錢塘 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hangzhou[a] is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang, China. It is located in the northeastern part of the province, sitting at the head of Hangzhou Bay, which separates Shanghai and Ningbo. Hangzhou grew to prominence as the southern terminus of the Grand Canal and has been one of China's most renowned and prosperous cities for much of the last millennium. It is a major economic and e-commerce hub within China, and the second biggest city in the Yangtze Delta after Shanghai. Hangzhou is classified as a sub-provincial city and forms the core of the Hangzhou metropolitan area, the fourth-largest in China after Guangzhou-Shenzhen Pearl River agglomeration, Shanghai-Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou conurbation and Beijing. As of 2022, the Hangzhou metropolitan area was estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (nominal) of 4 trillion yuan (US$590 billion), making it larger than the economy of Sweden. As of the 2020 Chinese census, it had a total population of 11,936,010 inhabitants. However, its metropolitan area, populated by 13.035 million people over an area of 8,107.9 km2 (3,130.5 sq mi), consists of all urban districts in Hangzhou and 3 urban districts of the city of Shaoxing.[1]
Hangzhou has been repeatedly rated as the best commercial city in mainland China by Forbes and the Chinese city with the highest growth potential by the Economist Intelligence Unit. A study conducted by PwC and China Development Research Foundation ranked Hangzhou first among "Chinese Cities of Opportunity". According to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC), the city is classified as a Beta (global second-tier) city, together with Chongqing, Nanjing and Tianjin in China. Hangzhou is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers, according to the Global Financial Centres Index. It boasts the eighth largest GDP among cities in mainland China with a GDP of around 1.8 trillion RMB ($280 billion). Home to the headquarters of large global tech companies such as Alibaba Group, Ant Group, and NetEase, Hangzhou is known for attracting professionals and entrepreneurs who work in information technology. As of August 2023[update], Hangzhou has the tenth-most Fortune Global 500 headquarters of any city in the world and the fourth-most in China – after Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen – within its city limits.[9] According to the 2020 Hurun Global Rich List, Hangzhou ranks 11th in the world and 6th in China (after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou) in the number of resident billionaires.
Hangzhou is a major city for scientific research in the Asia-Pacific, ranking 16th globally by scientific outputs.[10] It hosts several notable universities, including Zhejiang, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou Normal, Hangzhou Dianzi, Zhejiang A&F, Zhejiang Sci-Tech, Zhejiang Chinese Medical, Westlake, China Jiliang and Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics. Its West Lake, a UNESCO World Heritage Site west of the city, is among its best-known attractions.[11] In 2023, it became the third Chinese city to host the Asian Games, after Beijing 1990 and Guangzhou 2010. It was also the second Chinese city to host the Asian Para Games after the Guangzhou 2010. Hangzhou also hosted the 11th G20 summit in 2016.
- ^ a b "China: Zhèjiāng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
- ^ Bayne, John (2006), "Images of the Chinese Photography and Consumerism in 1990s Hangzhou", Consuming China: Approaches to Cultural Change in Contemporary China, Abingdon: Routledge, p. 196, ISBN 9781135791438.
- ^ Zhang Zhongyuan (2018), "Exploring the Spacial Dynamics of the City: A Case Study in China", Organizational Space and Beyond: The Significance of Henri Lefebvre for Organizational Studies, Routledge Studies in Management, Organizations, and Safety, Abingdon: Routledge, p. 244, ISBN 9781315302416.
- ^ Akhtar, Ali Humayun (2022), 1368: China and the Making of the Modern World, Stanford: Stanford University Press, p. 149, ISBN 9781503631519.
- ^ "杭州都市圈跻身"国家队" 或成又一跨省都市圈". www.stcn.com.
- ^ "Hangzhou". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
- ^ "Hangzhou". The Britannica Dictionary.
- ^ "Hangzhou". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021.
- ^ "Fortune 500". Fortune. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
- ^ "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
- ^ "杭州西湖文化景观正式被列入《世界遗产名录》". www.gov.cn. Retrieved September 26, 2022.
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