Mexican Empire Imperio Mexicano (Spanish) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1863–1867 | |||||||||
Motto: Equidad en la Justicia "Equity in Justice"[citation needed] | |||||||||
Status | Independent monarchy,[1][2][3] client state of France | ||||||||
Capital | Mexico City | ||||||||
Common languages | Spanish | ||||||||
Government | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||
• 1864–1867 | Maximilian I | ||||||||
Regency | |||||||||
• 1863–1864 | Juan Almonte, José Salas, Pelagio de Labastida | ||||||||
Prime Minister[4] | |||||||||
• 1864–1866 | José María Lacunza | ||||||||
• 1866–1867 | Teodosio Lares | ||||||||
• 1867 | Santiago Vidaurri | ||||||||
Historical era | New Imperialism | ||||||||
8 December 1861 | |||||||||
• Maximilian I accepts Mexican crown | 10 April 1863 | ||||||||
• Emperor Maximilian I executed | 19 June 1867 | ||||||||
Currency | Peso | ||||||||
ISO 3166 code | MX | ||||||||
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Today part of | Mexico |
The Second Mexican Empire (Spanish: Segundo Imperio mexicano; French: Second Empire mexicain), officially the Mexican Empire (Spanish: Imperio Mexicano), was a constitutional monarchy established in Mexico by Mexican monarchists in conjunction with the Second French Empire. The period is sometimes referred to as the Second French intervention in Mexico. French Emperor Napoleon III, with the support of the Mexican conservatives, clergy, and nobility, established a monarchist ally in the Americas intended as a restraint upon the growing power of the United States.[5] It has been viewed as both an independent Mexican monarchy[1][2][6] and as a client state of France.[7][8] Invited to become emperor of Mexico by Mexican monarchists who had lost a bloody civil war against Mexican liberals was Austrian Archduke Maximilian, of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, who had ancestral links to rulers of colonial Mexico. His ascension to the throne was then ratified through a fraudulent referendum. Maximilian's wife and empress consort of Mexico was the Belgian princess Charlotte of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, known in Mexico as "Carlota".
The invading French army was able to gain control of the central portion of the nation but supporters of the Mexican Republic continued to wage war against the Empire with its army as well as guerrilla bands. Although President Benito Juárez was forced to abandon the capital of Mexico City, he never left the national territory, despite having to relocate his northern base several times as Imperial forces sought to expand their territorial control. Maximilian's regime garnered recognition from all of the European powers, including Great Britain and Austria, as well as Brazil and China, but it was not formally recognized by the United States. At the time of the invasion, the U.S. was embroiled in its civil war (1861–65) against the
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