Standardization

Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments.^[1] Standardization can help maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. It can also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.

In social sciences, including economics,^[2] the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Divergent national standards impose costs on consumers and can be a form of non-tariff trade barrier.^[3]

^ Xie, Zongjie; Hall, Jeremy; McCarthy, Ian P.; Skitmore, Martin; Shen, Liyin (2016-02-01). "Standardization efforts: The relationship between knowledge dimensions, search processes and innovation outcomes". Technovation. Innovation and Standardization. 48–49: 69–78. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2015.12.002. hdl:11385/188510.
^ Blind, K. (2004). The economics of standards. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. ISBN 978-1-84376-793-0. Archived from the original on 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
^ Duina, Francesco; Viju-Miljusevic, Crina (2023). Standardizing the World: EU Trade Policy and the Road to Convergence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-768188-6.

[1] Xie, Zongjie; Hall, Jeremy; McCarthy, Ian P.; Skitmore, Martin; Shen, Liyin (2016-02-01). "Standardization efforts: The relationship between knowledge dimensions, search processes and innovation outcomes". Technovation. Innovation and Standardization. 48–49: 69–78. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2015.12.002. hdl:11385/188510.

[Blind_2004-2] Blind, K. (2004). The economics of standards. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. ISBN 978-1-84376-793-0. Archived from the original on 2016-09-27. Retrieved 2016-06-16.

[3] Duina, Francesco; Viju-Miljusevic, Crina (2023). Standardizing the World: EU Trade Policy and the Road to Convergence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-768188-6.

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