Back Black Hills Afrikaans بلاك هيلز Arabic Black Hills AST Блэк-Хилс Bashkir Black Hills BAR Блэк-Хілс Byelorussian Блек Хилс Bulgarian ব্ল্যাক হিল্‌স Bengali/Bangla Black Hills Catalan Mo'ôhtávo'honáéva CHY

Black Hills

This article is about the region in South Dakota. For other places, see Black Hills (disambiguation).
Black Hills
[1]
The Needles, Black Hills
Highest point
PeakBlack Elk Peak
Elevation7,244 ft (2,208 m) NAVD 88[2][3]
ListingIsolated summits of the United States
Coordinates43°51′57″N 103°31′57″W / 43.865847725°N 103.532431997°W / 43.865847725; -103.532431997[2]
Dimensions
Area5,000 sq mi (13,000 km2)
Naming
Native name
Geography
Map of the USA highlighting the Black Hills in South Dakota
Map of the USA highlighting the Black Hills in South Dakota
Black Hills
CountryUnited States
StateSouth Dakota and Wyoming
Geology
OrogenyTrans-Hudson and Laramide
Age of rockPrecambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic and Tertiary
Type of rockShale, sandstone, limestone, slate, quartzite and granite
Black Hills Badlands National Park
Southwestern South Dakota
Sculptures
Geologic and natural history
Mountains
Caves
Forests and wildernesses
Lakes
Scenic byways
Historic sites

The Black Hills is an isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, United States.[4] Black Elk Peak, which rises to 7,244 feet (2,208 m), is the range's highest summit.[5] The Black Hills encompass the Black Hills National Forest. The name of the mountains in Lakota is Pahá Sápa.[6] The Black Hills are considered a holy site. The hills are so called because of their dark appearance from a distance, as they are covered in evergreen trees.[7]

Native Americans have a long history in the Black Hills and consider it a sacred site.[8] After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took the territory of the Black Hills, which became central to their culture. In 1868, the U.S. government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, establishing the Great Sioux Reservation west of the Missouri River, and exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. However, when settlers discovered gold there in 1874, as a result of George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills Expedition, miners swept into the area in a gold rush. The US government took the Black Hills and forcibly relocated the Lakota, following the Great Sioux War of 1876, to five smaller reservations in western South Dakota, selling off 9 million acres (36,000 km2) of their former land. Unlike most of South Dakota, the Black Hills were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana.[9]

As the economy of the Black Hills has shifted away from natural resources (mining and timber) since the late 20th century, the hospitality and tourism industries have grown to take its place. Locals tend to divide the Black Hills into two areas: "The Southern Hills" and "The Northern Hills." The Southern Hills is home to Mount Rushmore, Wind Cave National Park, Jewel Cave National Monument, Black Elk Peak (the highest point in the United States east of the Rockies), Custer State Park (the largest state park in South Dakota), the Crazy Horse Memorial, and The Mammoth Site in Hot Springs, the world's largest mammoth research facility.

Attractions in the Northern Hills include Spearfish Canyon, historic Deadwood, and the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally, held each August. The first Rally was held on August 14, 1938, and the 75th Rally in 2015 saw more than one million bikers visit the Black Hills. Devils Tower National Monument, located in the Wyoming Black Hills, is an important nearby attraction and was the United States' first national monument.[10]

  1. ^ "Hidatsa Lessons Vocab2". Hidatsa Language Program. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
  2. ^ a b "Harney". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved 2023-05-06.
  3. ^ "Topographic map of Black Elk Peak". opentopomap.org. Retrieved 2023-05-06.
  4. ^ "Black Hills". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  5. ^ "Black Elk". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
  6. ^ Clavin, Tom; Drury, Bob (2013). The Heart of Everything That Is: The Untold Story of Red Cloud, An American Legend. Simon & Schuster. p. 4. ISBN 9781451654684. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Black Hills National Forest — Frequently Asked Questions". United States Forest Service.
  8. ^ "Black Hills – Stories of the Sacred". Colorado College. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  9. ^ "Black Hills – Stories of the Sacred". Indigenous Religious Traditions. 2012-11-18. Archived from the original on 2020-05-17. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  10. ^ Mattison, Ray H. (1955). "The First Fifty Years". National Park Service. Retrieved January 19, 2012.

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