Operation Ramadan

Operation Ramadan
	Part of Iran–Iraq War
	; Operation Ramadan, Map. Iraq in yellow.
Date	13 July – 3 August, 1982; (3 weeks)
Location	North-East of Basra, southern Iraq
Result	Iraqi victory Iran fails to capture its main operational objective of Basra; Successful Iraqi defence;
Territorial; changes	Iran captures 50 square Kilometers
Belligerents
Iraq	Iran
Commanders and leaders
Saddam Hussein; Maher Abd al-Rashid	Ruhollah Khomeini; Mohsen Rezaei; Ali Sayad Shirazi
Strength
8 divisions ; 80,000-100,000 troops; 700+ tanks	90,000-150,000 troops; 300+ tanks; 300 artillery pieces
Casualties and losses
5,000 killed; 1,000 captured; 150 tanks lost	12,000 killed; 300 tanks lost

Operation Ramadan was an Iranian offensive in the Iran–Iraq War that consisted of three separate attacks that lasted for 6 weeks.^[5] It was launched by Iran on 13 July 1982 near Basra and featured the use of human wave attacks in the largest land battle since World War II. The engagement was a part of the overall stalemate.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Connell, Michael (July 2013). Iranian Operational Decision Making - Case Studies from the Iran-Iraq War (PDF). CNA Strategic Studies. Retrieved 10 February 2017.
^ Kenneth, Pollack. "Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991". September 1, 2004. Pages 204-205.
^ Kenneth, Pollack. "Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991". September 1, 2004. Page 204.
^ ^a ^b Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 225. ISBN 978-0674915718.
^ Gibson, Bryan R. (2010). Covert Relationship: American Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980–1988. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-38610-7. Retrieved 10 February 2017.

[Connell-1] Connell, Michael (July 2013). Iranian Operational Decision Making - Case Studies from the Iran-Iraq War (PDF). CNA Strategic Studies. Retrieved 10 February 2017.

[2] Kenneth, Pollack. "Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991". September 1, 2004. Pages 204-205.

[3] Kenneth, Pollack. "Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991". September 1, 2004. Page 204.

[Razeoux-4] Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 225. ISBN 978-0674915718.

[Gibson-5] Gibson, Bryan R. (2010). Covert Relationship: American Foreign Policy, Intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980–1988. Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-38610-7. Retrieved 10 February 2017.

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