Panigingarra

Paniĝinĝarra (or Paniĝara) was a Mesopotamian god worshiped in Adab. His name could be contracted, and as a result in Old Babylonian documents the writing ^dPa-an-ni-gá-ra can be found.^[1]

An inscription from the reign of Meli-Shipak refers to him as EN ku-dur-ri, "lord of kudurru."^[2]

A temple dedicated to him whose name is not fully preserved, Eursag[...], existed in Adab.^[3] It might be the same temple of this god which is mentioned in an inscription of Rim-Sîn I of Larsa.^[3] One more temple seemingly bore the name Emeteursag (Sumerian: "house worthy of a hero"),^[4] better known as the name of a site associated with Zababa located in Kish.^[1] Yet another, Enigurru ("house clad in terror") shared its name with a temple of Ishtar in her guise of "queen of Nippur."^[5] Two further temples, Eutul ("house of the herd")^[6] and another whose name is not preserved are also known.^[7] Manfred Krebernik, following the study of Andrew R. George, assumes that all of them were located in Adab.^[2]

In the god list An = Anum Paniĝinĝarra appears as a son of Ninhursag and her husband Šulpae.^[2] The earlier Weidner god list places him next to another of Ninhursag's sons, Ashgi, who was also associated with him in other sources.^[2] Paniĝinĝarra could also appear alongside his mother, for example in greeting formulas in letters.^[2] In late sources he could be equated with Ninurta, similar to Pabilsaĝ.^[2] Wilfred G. Lambert goes as far as referring to him as a "form of Ninurta."^[8]

A few works of Mesopotamian literature refer to Paniĝinĝarra. The humorous^[9] tale "Three ox drivers from Adab" describes him as "their sage, the scholar, the god of Adab" and as a "clerk" in what might be a parody of court proceedings.^[10] He is also mentioned in passing in the poorly preserved myth Urash and Marduk.^[11]