Back ولايات تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) Arabic আইএসআইএল আঞ্চলিক দাবি Bengali/Bangla Territorio en control del Estado Islámico Spanish قلمروی داعش Persian Organisation territoriale de l'État islamique French ԻԼԻՊ տարածքային պահանջներ Armenian Teritori Negara Islam Irak dan Syam ID ਆਈਐਸਆਈਐਲ ਵਲੋਂ ਖੇਤਰੀ ਦਾਅਵਾ Punjabi د اسلامي دولت د ډلې (داعش) قلمرو Pashto/Pushto Reivindicações territoriais do Estado Islâmico Portuguese

Territory of the Islamic State

Islamic State
الدولة الإسلامية
ad-Dawlah al-Islāmiyah
Emblem of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Emblem
Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله
"Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh"
"There is no god but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God"[1]
دولة الإسلام باقية وتتمدد
Dawlat al Islam Baqiyah wa Tatamaddad
"The Islamic State remains and expands"[1]
خلافة على منهاج النبوة
Khilafah ala Minhaj an-Nubuwwah
"Caliphate Upon the Prophetic Methodology"[2][3]
Anthem: 
Seal[5][6][7][8][9][10]:
Maximum extent of territorial control, May 2015
Maximum extent of territorial control, May 2015
StatusUnrecognized proto-state
Designated as a terrorist organization
CapitalRaqqa (2013–2017)[1]
Mayadin (2017)[11]
Hajin (2017–18)[12]
Official languagesArabic
Religion
Sunni Islam (Salafism)
GovernmentUnitary Islamic theocratic self-proclaimed caliphate under a totalitarian dictatorship
• Caliph
Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi
• Head of the Shura Council
Abu Arkan al-Ameri
EstablishmentWar on Terror
• Established under the name of Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
1999
• Joined al-Qaeda
October 2004
• Declaration of an Islamic State in Iraq
13 October 2006
• Claim of territory in the Levant
8 April 2013
• Separated from al-Qaeda
3 February 2014
• Declaration of caliphate
29 June 2014
10 July 2017
19 March 2019
27 October 2019
3 February 2022
Population
• 2015 estimate
(near max extent): 8–12 million[13][14]
Currency
Time zoneUTC+2 and +3 (EET and AST)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving sideright
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Iraq
Syria
Iraq
Syria
Rojava
Northern Syria Turkish occupation zone

The Islamic State (IS) had its core in Iraq and Syria from 2013 to 2017 and 2019 respectively, where the proto-state controlled significant swathes of urban, rural, and desert territory, mainly in the Mesopotamian region.[14] Today the group controls scattered pockets of land in the area, as well as territory or insurgent cells[14][16] in other areas, notably Afghanistan, West Africa, the Sahara, Somalia, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[17] As of 2023, large swathes of Mali have fallen under IS control. [18]

In early 2017, IS controlled approximately 45,377 square kilometers (17,520 square miles) of territory in Iraq and Syria and 7,323 km2 of territory elsewhere, for a total of 52,700 square kilometres (20,300 sq mi).[14] This represents a substantial decline from the group's territorial peak in late 2014, when it controlled between 100,000 and 110,000 square kilometres (39,000 and 42,000 sq mi)[14][19] of territory in total.[14][20] IS territory has declined substantially in almost every country since 2014, a result of the group's unpopularity and the military action taken against it.[14] By late March 2019, IS territory in Syria was reduced to only the besieged 4,000 km2 (1,550 sq mi) Syrian Desert pocket.[21] The enclave was surrounded by Syrian government forces and its allies.[22][23][21] The Syrian military conducted combing operations and airstrikes against the pocket, but with limited success.[24][25] IS propaganda claims a peak territorial extent of 282,485 km2.[26]

The majority of the Islamic State’s territory, population, revenue, and prestige came from the territory it once held in Iraq and Syria.[14] In Afghanistan, IS mostly controls territory near the Pakistan border and has lost 87% of its territory since spring 2015.[14] In Lebanon, IS also controlled some areas on its border at the height of the Syrian war. In Libya, the group operates mostly as a moving insurgent force, occupying places before abandoning them again.[27] In Egypt, the group controls 910 km2 of land centered on the village of Sheikh Zuweid, which represents less than 1% of Egypt's territory.[14] In Nigeria, Boko Haram (at the time an IS affiliate) controlled 6,041 km2 of territory at its maximum extent in 2014, though most of this area was lost amid military reversals and a split within Boko Haram between pro- and anti-IS factions.[14] By late 2019, however, IS's African forces had once again seized large areas in Nigeria;[28] as of 2021, IS's African forces still run their own administrations in territories they control.[29][30] As of 2022, most of IS's territory is confined to northeastern Nigeria and northern Mozambique, alongside large swathes of eastern Mali.[18]

  1. ^ a b c Rasheed (2015), p. 3.
  2. ^ Zelin (2016), p. 4.
  3. ^ Nico Prucha (1 August 2017). "Part 2: "Upon the prophetic methodology" and the media universe". Online Jihad: Monitoring Jihadist Online Communities. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  4. ^ Marshall, Alex (9 November 2014). "How Isis got its anthem". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  5. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (28 August 2017). "Archive of Islamic State Administrative Documents (cont.- IV)". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi's Blog. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  6. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (17 September 2016). "Archive of Islamic State Administrative Documents (continued...again)". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi's Blog. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  7. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (11 January 2016). "Archive of Islamic State Administrative Documents (cont.)". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi's Blog. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  8. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (27 January 2015). "Archive of Islamic State Administrative Documents". Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi's Blog. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  9. ^ Rukmini Callimachi, Ivor Prickett (4 April 2018). "The ISIS Files". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  10. ^ Rukmini Callimachi, Andrew Rossback (4 April 2018). "The ISIS Files: Extreme Brutality and Detailed Record-Keeping". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  11. ^ Tomlinson, Lucas (21 April 2017). "ISIS moves its capital in Syria". Fox News. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  12. ^ Aboufadel, Leith (3 December 2018). "Breaking: US-backed forces allegedly enter Daesh's new capital". al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  13. ^ Shinkman, Paul D. (27 December 2017). "ISIS By the Numbers in 2017". U.S. News & World Report.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jones, Seth G.; Dobbins, James; Byman, Daniel; et al. (2017). "Rolling Back the Islamic State". RAND Corporation. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  15. ^ "ISIS introduces 'Golden Dinar' currency, Hopes it will collapse U.S. dollar". The Foreign Desk. 6 July 2016. Archived from the original on 7 August 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  16. ^ Shelly Kittleson (31 December 2017). "Iraqi forces hunt down IS remnants in Hamrin Mountains". al-Monitor. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  17. ^ Chesnutt, Kate; Zimmerman, Katherine (8 September 2022). "The State of al Qaeda and ISIS Around the World". Critical Threats.
  18. ^ a b "UN experts say Islamic State group almost doubled the territory they control in Mali in under a year". AP News. 26 August 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  19. ^ Eklund, Lina; Degerald, Michael; Brandt, Martin; Prishchepov, Alexander V; Pilesjö, Petter (28 April 2017). "How conflict affects land use: agricultural activity in areas seized by the Islamic State". Environmental Research Letters. 12 (5): 054004. Bibcode:2017ERL....12e4004E. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa673a.
  20. ^ Callimachi, Rukmini [@rcallimachi] (18 October 2017). "4. In an email, US-backed Coalition fighting ISIS told me that of the 104,000 square km the group held in Iraq/Syria, 93,790 is liberated" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  21. ^ a b "Although they have been besieged by Russia, Iran, and the regime for two years, thousands of ISIS members are still within an area of 4000 km² without any intention to launch a military operation against them • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 20 February 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  22. ^ "Trump says all Islamic State land lost in Syria, SDF says fight continues | Reuters". 24 March 2019. Archived from the original on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  23. ^ "Trump's maps of the 'caliphate' disregard ISIS pockets near Syrian gov't areas". Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  24. ^ "Complete map update of Syrian War – End of February 2019". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  25. ^ "Syrian army attacks Islamic State targets in desert: report". Reuters. 5 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2023 – via www.reuters.com.
  26. ^ Al-Yaqeen Media. "Three Years on the Islamic State". Digital image, 11 June 2017. https://i.redd.it/i2id92mph33z.jpg
  27. ^ Trauthig 2020, pp. 13, 18.
  28. ^ "IS Down But Still a Threat in Many Countries". Voice of America. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  29. ^ Kunle Adebajo (21 May 2021). "How Did Abubakar Shekau Die? Here's What We Know So Far". Humangle. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  30. ^ Dulue Mbachu (17 June 2021). "Death of Boko Haram leader doesn't end northeast Nigeria's humanitarian crisis". The New Humanitarian. Retrieved 18 June 2021.


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