Treaty of Union (1790)

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The Treaty of Union (French: Traité d'Union; Dutch: Tractaet van Vereeninge) was a treaty that led to the creation of the United Belgian States, a confederal republic of territories of the Austrian Netherlands that were in revolt against Emperor Joseph II of Austria during the Brabant Revolution (1789–1790). It was signed by representatives of the provinces of Brabant, Flanders, West-Vlaanderen (1713) [nl; fr], Tournai and Tournaisis, Hainaut, Namur, Limburg and the Lands of Overmaas [nl; fr], Austrian Upper Guelders, and Mechelen in the States General of the Southern Netherlands (which thereby reconstituted themselves as the Sovereign Congress) on 11 January 1790, and ratified by the various provinces on 20 January 1790, after which it came into effect.^[1] The Duchy of Luxemburg did not sign or ratify the treaty, and therefore never became a part of the United Belgian States.