Vaginectomy

Vaginectomy
Vaginectomy
ICD-9-CM	70.4
	[edit on Wikidata]

Vaginectomy is a surgery to remove all or part of the vagina. It is one form of treatment for individuals with vaginal cancer or rectal cancer that is used to remove tissue with cancerous cells.^[1] It can also be used in gender-affirming surgery. Some people born with a vagina who identify as trans men or as nonbinary may choose vaginectomy in conjunction with other surgeries to make the clitoris more penis-like (metoidioplasty), construct of a full-size penis (phalloplasty), or create a relatively smooth, featureless genital area (genital nullification).^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

If the uterus and ovaries are to remain intact, vaginectomy will leave a canal and opening suitable for draining menstrual discharge. Otherwise, as in genital nullification, a hysterectomy must be performed to avoid the danger of retaining menstrual discharge within the body.^[7] In the latter case, thorough removal of vaginal lining is necessary to avoid continued secretion within the body.^[8]

In addition to vaginectomy in humans, there have been instances of vaginectomy in other animals to treat vaginal cancer.^[9]

^ Kulkarni A, Dogra N, Zigras T (April 2022). "Innovations in the Management of Vaginal Cancer". Current Oncology. 29 (5): 3082–3092. doi:10.3390/curroncol29050250. PMC 9139564. PMID 35621640.
^ "Non-Binary Options For Metoidioplasty". Metoidioplasty.net. 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
^ Frey JD, Poudrier G, Chiodo MV, Hazen A (March 2017). "An Update on Genital Reconstruction Options for the Female-to-Male Transgender Patient: A Review of the Literature". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 139 (3): 728–737. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000003062. PMID 28234856.
^ Walton AB, Hellstrom WJ, Garcia MM (October 2021). "Options for Masculinizing Genital Gender Affirming Surgery: A Critical Review of the Literature and Perspectives for Future Directions". Sexual Medicine Reviews. 9 (4): 605–618. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.07.002. PMID 34493480. S2CID 237440377.
^ Bizic M, Stojanovic B, Bencic M, Bordás N, Djordjevic M (November 2020). "Overview on metoidioplasty: variants of the technique". International Journal of Impotence Research. 33 (7): 762–770. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00346-y. PMID 32826970. S2CID 221217936.
^ Heston AL, Esmonde NO, Dugi DD, Berli JU (June 2019). "Phalloplasty: techniques and outcomes". Translational Andrology and Urology. 8 (3): 254–265. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.05.05. PMC 6626313. PMID 31380232.
^ "Surgical Treatment of Vaginal Cancer". EMedicine Obstetrics and Gynecology. 26 August 2021.
^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Zambelli_2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Kulkarni A, Dogra N, Zigras T (April 2022). "Innovations in the Management of Vaginal Cancer". Current Oncology. 29 (5): 3082–3092. doi:10.3390/curroncol29050250. PMC 9139564. PMID 35621640.

[meto_NBsurg-2] "Non-Binary Options For Metoidioplasty". Metoidioplasty.net. 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.

[:0-3] Frey JD, Poudrier G, Chiodo MV, Hazen A (March 2017). "An Update on Genital Reconstruction Options for the Female-to-Male Transgender Patient: A Review of the Literature". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 139 (3): 728–737. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000003062. PMID 28234856.

[4] Walton AB, Hellstrom WJ, Garcia MM (October 2021). "Options for Masculinizing Genital Gender Affirming Surgery: A Critical Review of the Literature and Perspectives for Future Directions". Sexual Medicine Reviews. 9 (4): 605–618. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.07.002. PMID 34493480. S2CID 237440377.

[5] Bizic M, Stojanovic B, Bencic M, Bordás N, Djordjevic M (November 2020). "Overview on metoidioplasty: variants of the technique". International Journal of Impotence Research. 33 (7): 762–770. doi:10.1038/s41443-020-00346-y. PMID 32826970. S2CID 221217936.

[:1-6] Heston AL, Esmonde NO, Dugi DD, Berli JU (June 2019). "Phalloplasty: techniques and outcomes". Translational Andrology and Urology. 8 (3): 254–265. doi:10.21037/tau.2019.05.05. PMC 6626313. PMID 31380232.

[:2-7] "Surgical Treatment of Vaginal Cancer". EMedicine Obstetrics and Gynecology. 26 August 2021.

[:3-8] Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Zambelli_2022-9] Cite error: The named reference Zambelli_2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]