Virginia's 3rd congressional district

Virginia's 3rd congressional district
Virginia's 3rd congressional district
	Interactive map of district boundaries since 2023
Representative
	Bobby Scott; D–Newport News
Distribution	95.01% urban; 4.99% rural;
Population (2022)	781,088
Median household; income	$63,075
Ethnicity	43.2% Black; 39.0% White; 8.4% Hispanic; 5.4% Two or more races; 3.0% Asian; 1.1% other;
Cook PVI	D+17

Virginia's third congressional district is a United States congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia, serving the independent cities of Norfolk, Newport News, Hampton, Portsmouth, and part of the independent city of Chesapeake. The district is represented by Democrat Bobby Scott. VA-03 is majority-minority and has a plurality Black electorate, and is heavily Democratic.

In 1788 Virginia's 3rd congressional district consisted of all of modern Virginia including and west of the counties of Carroll, Floyd, Roanoke, Botetourt, Augusta and Rockingham. It also included what is today Pendleton County, West Virginia and also about the southern third of West Virginia which in 1788 was all Greenbrier County. This area that is today about 48 counties and 13 independent cities was in 1788 only nine counties.^[5]

In the 1790 census, this area had a population of 66,045.^[6] For the 1792 congressional elections the number of congressional districts in Virginia rose from 10 to 19. The only county that remained in the third district was Pendleton County. Harrison, Randolph, Hardy, Hampshire, Monongalia and Ohio Counties, all now in West Virginia were also in the district.^[7] This was all of northern West Virginia except the far eastern panhandle area. The new district's 1790 population was 30,145.^[8]

The 1800 census lead to another increase in Virginia's congressional districts in 1802. The third district was again moved, this time to what was then Frederick and Shenandoah Counties in Virginia, which besides those counties also included the modern counties of Clarke, Warren and part of Page.^[9] The new 3rd district had a population of 38,767 in 1800.^[10]

For most of the time from the end of the Civil War to 1993, the 3rd district was a relatively compact district centered on Richmond. The district's current configuration dates to 1993, when the Justice Department ordered Virginia to create a majority-minority district. At that time, portions of the old 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th districts were combined to create a new 3rd district.

The Virginia Legislature's 2012 redistricting was found unconstitutional, in part because of racial gerrymandering, and replaced was with a court-ordered map on January 16, 2016 for the 2016 elections.^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17] From 1993 to 2016, the 3rd had covered most of the majority-black precincts in and around Hampton Roads and Richmond. The court-drawn map shifted the area near Richmond to the 4th district.

^ "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau Geography. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
^ "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
^ "My Congressional District".
^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
^ Parsons, Stanley B, William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts 1788-1841. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 29
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 28
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 71
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 70
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 129
^ Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 128
^ "Court Ordered Redistricting". Redistricting.dls.virginia.gov. September 3, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ "Gloria Personhuballah et al. v. James B. Alcorn, et al" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
^ "Supreme Court weighs legality of Virginia redistricting". The Hill. March 21, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Lydia Wheeler (February 1, 2016). "Supreme Court Allows Virginia Redistricting to Stand in 2016". Rollcall.com. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Andrew Cain (January 7, 2016). "Judges impose new Va. congressional map, redrawing 3rd, 4th Districts | Virginia Politics". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Weiner, Rachel (October 7, 2014). "Court declares Virginia's congressional map unconstitutional". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
^ Farnsworth, Stephen J. (November 5, 2015). "The 2015 election in Virginia: A tribute to gerrymandering". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[1] "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau Geography. Retrieved April 9, 2018.

[2] "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 6, 2023.

[3] "My Congressional District".

[Cook-4] "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

[5] Parsons, Stanley B, William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts 1788-1841. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 29

[6] Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 28

[7] Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 71

[8] Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 70

[9] Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 129

[10] Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 128

[11] "Court Ordered Redistricting". Redistricting.dls.virginia.gov. September 3, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[12] "Gloria Personhuballah et al. v. James B. Alcorn, et al" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 13, 2018. Retrieved December 23, 2023.

[13] "Supreme Court weighs legality of Virginia redistricting". The Hill. March 21, 2016. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[14] Lydia Wheeler (February 1, 2016). "Supreme Court Allows Virginia Redistricting to Stand in 2016". Rollcall.com. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[15] Andrew Cain (January 7, 2016). "Judges impose new Va. congressional map, redrawing 3rd, 4th Districts | Virginia Politics". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[16] Weiner, Rachel (October 7, 2014). "Court declares Virginia's congressional map unconstitutional". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

[17] Farnsworth, Stephen J. (November 5, 2015). "The 2015 election in Virginia: A tribute to gerrymandering". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2017.

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