Chaturanga

Chaturanga (Sanskrit: चतुरङ्ग, IAST: caturaṅga, pronounced [tɕɐtuˈɾɐŋɡɐ]) is an ancient Indian strategy board game. It is first known from India around the seventh century CE,^[1] but its roots may date 5000 years back, to the Indus Valley Civilization.^[2]

While there is some uncertainty, the prevailing view among chess historians is that chaturanga is the common ancestor of the board games chess, xiangqi (Chinese), janggi (Korean), shogi (Japanese), sittuyin (Burmese), makruk (Thai), ouk chatrang (Cambodian) and modern Indian chess.^[1] It was adopted as chatrang (shatranj) in Sassanid Persia, which in turn was the form of chess brought to late-medieval Europe.^[3]

The exact rules of chaturanga are unknown. Chess historians suppose that the game had similar rules to those of its successor, shatranj. In particular, there is uncertainty as to the moves of the gaja (elephant).^[4]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Murray was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Greenberg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "World Chess Day 2022: History, Significance And Quotes About The Game". News18. 2022-07-20. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
^ "History and Origins of Chess: From India to Persia and Europe". Profolus. 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2022-05-21.

[Murray-1] Cite error: The named reference Murray was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Greenberg-2] Cite error: The named reference Greenberg was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] "World Chess Day 2022: History, Significance And Quotes About The Game". News18. 2022-07-20. Retrieved 2022-12-26.

[4] "History and Origins of Chess: From India to Persia and Europe". Profolus. 2020-12-26. Retrieved 2022-05-21.

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