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Mustard gas

Mustard gas
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-Chloro-2-[(2-chloroethyl)sulfanyl]ethane
Other names
Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide
HD
Iprit
Schwefel-LOST
Lost
Sulfur mustard
Senfgas
Yellow cross liquid
Yperite
Distilled mustard
Mustard T- mixture
1,1'-thiobis[2-chloroethane]
Dichlorodiethyl sulfide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1733595
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.209.973 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 684-527-7
324535
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4H8Cl2S/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2 checkY
    Key: QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C4H8Cl2S/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h1-4H2
    Key: QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYAK
  • ClCCSCCCl
Properties
C4H8Cl2S
Molar mass 159.07 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless if pure. Normally ranges from pale yellow to dark brown. Slight garlic or horseradish type odor.[1]
Density 1.27 g/mL, liquid
Melting point 14.45 °C (58.01 °F; 287.60 K)
Boiling point 217 °C (423 °F; 490 K) begins to decompose at 217 °C (423 °F) and boils at 218 °C (424 °F)
7.6 mg/L at 20°C[2]
Solubility Alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, lipids, THF
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, toxic, vesicant, carcinogenic, mutagenic
GHS labelling:[3]
GHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H300, H310, H315, H319, H330, H335
P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
1
1
Flash point 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS) External MSDS
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Nitrogen mustard, Bis(chloroethyl) ether, Chloromethyl methyl sulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Mustard gas or sulfur mustard is any of the several chemical compounds that contain the chemical structure S(CH2CH2Cl)2. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituent S(CH2CH2X)2 and N(CH2CH2X)3 are known as sulfur mustards and nitrogen mustards, respectively, where X = Cl or Br. Such compounds are potent alkylating agents, which can interfere with several biological processes. Also known as mustard agents, this family of compounds are infamous cytotoxins and blister agents with a long history of use as chemical weapons. The name mustard gas is technically incorrect: the substances, when dispersed, are often not gases but a fine mist of liquid droplets.[4] Sulfur mustards are viscous liquids at room temperature and have an odor resembling mustard plants, garlic, or horseradish, hence the name.[4] When pure, they are colorless, but when used in impure forms, such as in warfare, they are usually yellow-brown. Mustard gases form blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs, often resulting in prolonged illness ending in death. The typical mustard gas is the organosulfur compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide.[5]

  1. ^ FM 3–8 Chemical Reference handbook, US Army, 1967
  2. ^ Mustard agents: description, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of action, symptoms, antidotes and methods of treatment. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Accessed June 8, 2010.
  3. ^ "Pubchem".
  4. ^ a b "Mustard Gas" (PDF). ChemMatters. American Chemical Society.
  5. ^ "What is a Chemical Weapon?". OPCW. Retrieved 2023-09-15.

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