Post-Marxism

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Post-Marxism is a perspective in critical social theory which radically reinterprets Marxism, countering its association with economism, historical determinism, anti-humanism, and class reductionism,^[1] whilst remaining committed to the construction of socialism.^[2][3] Most notably, Post-Marxists are anti-essentialist, rejecting the primacy of class struggle, and instead focus on building radical democracy.^[4][5][6] Post-Marxism can be considered a synthesis of post-structuralist^[7][8][9] frameworks and neo-Marxist^[10] analysis,^[11] in response to the decline of the New Left after the protests of 1968.^[12] In a more broader sense, post-Marxism can refer to Marxists or Marxian-adjacent theories which break with the old worker's movements and socialist states entirely,^[13] in a similar sense to post-Leftism,^[14][15] and accept that the era of mass revolution premised on the Fordist worker is potentially over.^[16]

The term "Post-Marxism" first appeared in Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's theoretical work Hegemony and Socialist Strategy.^[17][18] Post-Marxism is a wide category not well-defined, containing the work of Laclau and Mouffe^[19][20] on the one hand, and some strands of autonomism and Open Marxism,^[21] post-structuralism,^[22][23] cultural studies,^[24] ex-Marxists^[25] and Deleuzian-inspired^[26] 'politics of difference'^[27][28] on the other.^[29] Recent overviews of post-Marxism are provided by Ernesto Screpanti,^[30] Göran Therborn,^[31] and Gregory Meyerson.^[32] Prominent post-Marxist journals include New Formations,^[33] Constellations,^[34] Endnotes,^[35] Crisis and Critique^[36] and Arena.^[37]