Voluntary sector

The voluntary sector, independent sector, or civic sector is the realm of social activity undertaken by organizations that are non-governmental nonprofit organizations.^[1] This sector is also called the third sector, community sector, and nonprofit sector,^[2] in contrast to the public sector and the private sector. Civic sector or social sector are other terms for the sector, emphasizing its relationship to civil society. Richard Cornuelle coined the term "independent sector" and was one of the first scholars to point out the vast impact and unique mechanisms of this sector.^[3] Given the diversity of organizations that comprise the sector, Peter Frumkin prefers "non-profit and voluntary sector".^[4]

^ Potůček, Martin (1999) Not Only the Market: The Role of the Market, Government, and the Civic Sector. Central European University Press. p. 34.
^ See for example: Evers, Adalbert; Laville, Jean-Louis, eds. (2004). The Third Sector in Europe. Globalization and welfare. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781843769774. Retrieved 2014-08-05. "The Role of the Voluntary and Community Sector in Service Delivery – A Cross Cutting Review" (PDF). Leslie Huckfield Research. HM Treasury. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2019.
^ Lohmann, Roger A. (January 2013). "(Re)Considering the Independent Sector". ResearchGate.
^ Frumkin, Peter (2005). On Being Nonprofit: A Conceptual and Policy Primer (1st ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01835-8.

[1] Potůček, Martin (1999) Not Only the Market: The Role of the Market, Government, and the Civic Sector. Central European University Press. p. 34.

[2] See for example: Evers, Adalbert; Laville, Jean-Louis, eds. (2004). The Third Sector in Europe. Globalization and welfare. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781843769774. Retrieved 2014-08-05. "The Role of the Voluntary and Community Sector in Service Delivery – A Cross Cutting Review" (PDF). Leslie Huckfield Research. HM Treasury. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2019.

[3] Lohmann, Roger A. (January 2013). "(Re)Considering the Independent Sector". ResearchGate.

[4] Frumkin, Peter (2005). On Being Nonprofit: A Conceptual and Policy Primer (1st ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01835-8.

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Economic sectors
Three-sector model
Primary sector (raw materials) Secondary sector (manufacturing) Tertiary sector (services)
Additional sectors
Quaternary sector (information services) Quinary sector (human services)
Theorists
AGB Fisher Colin Clark Jean Fourastié
Sectors by ownership
Business sector Private sector Public sector Voluntary sector
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