Sam Houston

Samuel Houston
Sam Houston, c. 1850
7th Governor of Texas
In office December 21, 1859 – March 15, 1861
Lieutenant	Edward Clark
Preceded by	Hardin Richard Runnels
Succeeded by	Edward Clark
United States Senator from Texas
In office February 21, 1846 – March 3, 1859
Preceded by	Seat established
Succeeded by	John Hemphill
1st and 3rd President of Texas
In office December 21, 1841 – December 9, 1844
Vice President	Edward Burleson
Preceded by	Mirabeau B. Lamar
Succeeded by	Anson Jones
In office October 22, 1836 – December 10, 1838
Vice President	Mirabeau B. Lamar
Preceded by	David G. Burnet (acting)
Succeeded by	Mirabeau B. Lamar
Member of the Texas House of Representatives from the San Augustine district
In office 1839–1841
6th Governor of Tennessee
In office October 1, 1827 – April 16, 1829
Lieutenant	William Hall
Preceded by	William Carroll
Succeeded by	William Hall
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 7th district
In office March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1827
Preceded by	Constituency established
Succeeded by	John Bell
Personal details
Born	Samuel Houston (1793-03-02)March 2, 1793 Rockbridge, Virginia, U.S.
Died	July 26, 1863(1863-07-26) (aged 70) Huntsville, Texas, C.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican (before 1830) Democratic (1846–1854) Know Nothing (1855–1856) Independent (1856–1863)
Spouses	Eliza Allen ​ ​ (m. 1829; div. 1837)​ Tiana Rogers ​ ​ (m. 1830; ann. 1832)​ Margaret Lea ​ (m. 1840)​
Children	8, including Sam Jr., Andrew, and Temple
Education	Maryville College
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	United States  Republic of Texas
Branch/service	United States Army Texan Army
Years of service	1813–1818 (U.S. Army) 1835–1836 (Texan Army)
Rank	First Lieutenant (U.S. Army) Major General (Texan Army)
Unit	39th Infantry Regiment (U.S. Army)
Commands	Army of the Republic of Texas (Texan Army)
Battles/wars	War of 1812 Creek War  • Battle of Horseshoe Bend Texas Revolution  • Battle of San Jacinto

Samuel Houston (/ˈhjuːstən/ ^ⓘ, HEW-stən; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two individuals to represent Texas in the United States Senate. He also served as the sixth governor of Tennessee and the seventh governor of Texas, the only individual to be elected governor of two different states in the United States.

Born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, Houston and his family relocated to Maryville, Tennessee, when he was a teenager. Houston later ran away from home, spending about three years living with the Cherokee,^[1] becoming known as "Raven." He served under General Andrew Jackson in the War of 1812; afterwards, and despite his earlier connections to the Cherokee people, he presided over the mass removal of Cherokee from Tennessee. With the support of Jackson, among others, Houston won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1823. He strongly supported Jackson's presidential candidacies and, in 1827, Houston was elected as the governor of Tennessee. In 1829, after divorcing his first wife, Houston resigned from office, and moved to the Arkansas Territory.

Houston settled in Texas in 1832. After the Battle of Gonzales, he helped organize Texas's provisional government and was selected as the top-ranking official in the Texian Army. He led the Texan Army to victory at the Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle in Texas's war for independence against Mexico. After the war, Houston won the 1836 Texan presidential election. He left office due to term limits in 1838, but won another term in the 1841 Texas presidential election. Houston played a key role in the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845 and, in 1846, was elected to represent Texas in the United States Senate. He joined the Democratic Party and supported President James K. Polk's prosecution of the Mexican–American War.

His Senate record was marked by his unionism and opposition to radicals from both the North and South. He voted for the Compromise of 1850, which settled many of the residual territorial issues from the Mexican–American War and the annexation of Texas. Houston owned slaves throughout his life. He voted against the Kansas–Nebraska Act, as he believed it would lead to increased sectional tensions over slavery, and his opposition to that act led him to leave the Democratic Party. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the presidential nomination of the American Party in the 1856 presidential election, as well as for the Constitutional Union Party in the 1860 presidential election. In 1859, Houston won election as the governor of Texas. In this role, he opposed secession, but unsuccessfully sought to keep Texas out of the Confederate States of America. He was forced out of office in 1861, and died two years later in 1863. Houston's name has been honored in numerous ways, and he is the eponym of the city of Houston, the fourth-most-populous city in the United States.