Pentane

Pentane
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Pentane
	Other names Quintane; Refrigerant-4-13-0
Identifiers
CAS Number	109-66-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	969132
ChEBI	CHEBI:37830 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL16102 ;
ChemSpider	7712 ;
DrugBank	DB03119 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.003.358
EC Number	203-692-4;
Gmelin Reference	1766
MeSH	pentane
PubChem CID	8003;
RTECS number	RZ9450000;
UNII	4FEX897A91 ;
UN number	1265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2025846 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-3-5-4-2/h3-5H2,1-2H3 Key: OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CCCCC;
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H12
Molar mass	72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like
Density	0.626 g/mL; 0.6262 g/mL (20 °C)
Melting point	−130.5 to −129.1 °C; −202.8 to −200.3 °F; 142.7 to 144.1 K
Boiling point	35.9 to 36.3 °C; 96.5 to 97.3 °F; 309.0 to 309.4 K
Solubility in water	40 mg/L (20 °C)
log P	3.255
Vapor pressure	57.90 kPa (20.0 °C)
Henry's law; constant (kH)	7.8 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Acidity (pKa)	~45
Basicity (pKb)	~59
UV-vis (λmax)	200 nm
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-63.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.358
Viscosity	0.240 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	167.19 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	263.47 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−174.1–−172.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−3.5095–−3.5085 MJ mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H225, H304, H336, H411
Precautionary statements	P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 4 0
Flash point	−49.0 °C (−56.2 °F; 224.2 K)
Autoignition; temperature	260.0 °C (500.0 °F; 533.1 K)
Explosive limits	1.5–7.8%
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit); 5 g kg−1 (oral, mouse);
LC50 (median concentration)	130,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 30 min); 128,200 ppm (mouse, 37 min); 325,000 mg/m3 (mouse, 2 hr)
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1000 ppm (2950 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 120 ppm (350 mg/m3) C 610 ppm (1800 mg/m3) [15-minute]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	1500 ppm
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Butane; Butyl iodide; Hexane;
Supplementary data page
	Pentane (data page)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C₅H₁₂—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane (dimethylpropane). Cyclopentane is not an isomer of pentane because it has only 10 hydrogen atoms where pentane has 12.

Pentanes are components of some fuels and are employed as specialty solvents in the laboratory. Their properties are very similar to those of butanes and hexanes.

^ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.
^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 59. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.
^ "n-Pentane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[1] Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54–62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID 98496840.

[2] International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 59. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.

[PGCH-3] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0486". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[GESTIS-4] Record of n-Pentane in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, accessed on 19 April 2011.

[5] "n-Pentane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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