Collaboration

Collaboration (from Latin com- "with" + laborare "to labor", "to work") is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal.^[1] Collaboration is similar to cooperation. Most collaboration requires leadership,^[vague] although the form of leadership can be social within a decentralized and egalitarian group.^[2] Teams that work collaboratively often access greater resources, recognition and rewards when facing competition for finite resources.^[3]

Structured methods of collaboration encourage introspection of behavior and communication.^[2] Such methods aim to increase the success of teams as they engage in collaborative problem-solving. Collaboration is present in opposing goals exhibiting the notion of adversarial collaboration, though this is not a common use of the term. In its applied sense, "[a] collaboration is a purposeful relationship in which all parties strategically choose to cooperate in order to accomplish a shared outcome".^[4] Trade between nations is a form of collaboration between two societies which produce and exchange different portfolios of goods.

^ Marinez-Moyano, I. J. Exploring the Dynamics of Collaboration in Interorganizational Settings, Ch. 4, p. 83, in Schuman (Editor). Jossey-bass, 2006. ISBN 0-7879-8116-8.
^ ^a ^b Spence, Muneera U. "Graphic Design: Collaborative Processes = Understanding Self and Others." (lecture) Art 325: Collaborative Processes. Fairbanks Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 13 April 2006. See also Archived 2008-04-10 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Caroline S. Wagner and Loet Leydesdorff. Globalisation in the network of science in 2005: The diffusion of international collaboration and the formation of a core group Archived 2007-08-25 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Rubin, Hank (2009). Collaborative leadership : developing effective partnerships for communities and schools (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. ISBN 978-1299395657. OCLC 842851754.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[1] Marinez-Moyano, I. J. Exploring the Dynamics of Collaboration in Interorganizational Settings, Ch. 4, p. 83, in Schuman (Editor). Jossey-bass, 2006. ISBN 0-7879-8116-8.

[spencelecture-2] Spence, Muneera U. "Graphic Design: Collaborative Processes = Understanding Self and Others." (lecture) Art 325: Collaborative Processes. Fairbanks Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 13 April 2006. See also Archived 2008-04-10 at the Wayback Machine.

[wagner_and_leydesdorff-3] Caroline S. Wagner and Loet Leydesdorff. Globalisation in the network of science in 2005: The diffusion of international collaboration and the formation of a core group Archived 2007-08-25 at the Wayback Machine.

[4] Rubin, Hank (2009). Collaborative leadership : developing effective partnerships for communities and schools (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif. ISBN 978-1299395657. OCLC 842851754.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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