Back Partido Socialista Obrero Español AN الحزب الاشتراكي العمالي الإسباني Arabic حزب العمال الاشتراكى الاسبانى ARZ Partíu Socialista Obreru Español AST İspaniya Sosialist İşçi Partiyası Azerbaijani Іспанская сацыялістычная рабочая партыя Byelorussian Гішпанская сацыялістычная працоўная партыя BE-X-OLD Испанска социалистическа работническа партия Bulgarian Partido Socialista Obrero Español Breton Partit Socialista Obrer Espanyol Catalan
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Spanish: Partido Socialista Obrero Español [paɾˈtiðo soθjaˈlista oˈβɾeɾo espaˈɲol] ⓘ; abbr. PSOE [peˈsoe] ⓘ) is a social-democratic[2][10] political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain: from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe González, from 2004 to 2011 under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, and since 2018 under Pedro Sánchez.
The PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. The PSOE played a key role during the Second Spanish Republic, being part of the coalition government from 1931 to 1933 and from 1936 to 1939, when the Republic was defeated by Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. The party was then banned under Franco's dictatorship and its members and leaders were persecuted or exiled; the ban was only lifted in 1977 in the transition to democracy that followed Franco's death. Historically Marxist, it abandoned Marxism in 1979.[11] Like most mainstream Spanish political organizations since the mid-1980s, PSOE has been considered by experts to embrace a positive outlook towards European integration.[12][n. 1]
The PSOE has historically had strong ties with the General Union of Workers (UGT), a Spanish trade union. For a couple of decades, UGT membership was a requirement for PSOE membership. However, since the 1980s the UGT has frequently criticized the economic policies of the PSOE, even calling for general strikes against the PSOE governments on 14 December 1988,[13] 28 May 1992, 27 January 1994 and 29 September 2010, all jointly with the Workers' Commissions, another major trade union. Both the trade unions and the left have often criticized the economic policies of the PSOE for their economic liberal nature. They have denounced the policies of deregulation and the increase in precarious and temporary work, cuts in unemployment and retirement benefits, and the privatisation of big state-owned organisations and public services.[14] The party also strongly defended freedom and justice, taking over the fight for civil rights in Spain. It has traditionally attracted a higher share of female voters than its rivals.[15] Same-sex marriage and adoption were legalised in 2005 under the Zapatero Government and, more recently, a transgender rights bill was passed to allow more freedom to gender identity."[16][17][18][19]
The PSOE is a member of the Party of European Socialists, Progressive Alliance and the Socialist International.[13] The PSOE's 21 Members of the European Parliament sit in the Socialists and Democrats European parliamentary group.
- ^ Beatriz García: Cuatro partidos reducen sus ingresos por afiliados La Razón
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2023). "Parties and Elections in Europe". www.parties-and-elections.eu. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Updated as required.
- ^ Quiroga Fernández de Soto 2008, p. 108.
- ^ "Democratización de las Instituciones en Una Europa Federal" (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ "Resoluciones del 38 Congreso Federal del PSOE" (PDF).
- ^ "Europe Elects Spain". Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ "APPENDIX A3: POLITICAL PARTIES". Documentation Report (PDF). Spain (Report) (3.0 ed.). European Social Survey. 2020. p. 121. ESS10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015.
- ^ Field, B.; Botti, A. (2013). Politics and Society in Contemporary Spain: From Zapatero to Rajoy. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 23. ISBN 978-1137306623.
Aznar's PP government, which arrived at the Moncloa executive palace for the first time since the country's return to democracy, inaugurating the alternation between the center-left PSOE and center-right PP
- ^ "Rumbero, rockero, gaitero u orquestal: el versionable himno del PSOE". abc. 20 May 2015. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
- ^ The PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources:
- Hans-Jürgen Puhle (2001). "Mobilizers and Late Modernizers: Socialist Parties in the New Southern Europe". In Nikiforos P. Diamandouros; Richard Gunther (eds.). Parties, Politics, and Democracy in the New Southern Europe. JHU Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-8018-6518-3. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- Dimitri Almeida (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. CRC Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- Richard Collin; Pamela L. Martin (2012). An Introduction to World Politics: Conflict and Consensus on a Small Planet. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-4422-1803-1. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä, eds. (2006). Encyclopedia of Digital Government. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 397. ISBN 978-1-59140-790-4.
- ^ "El Congreso Extraordinario del PSOE" (in Spanish). September 1979. Archived from the original on 9 November 2016.
- ^ Ruiz Jiménez & Egea de Haro 2011, p. 110: "According to experts' judgement, most political organisations in Spain have been fairly or strongly in favour of European integration since the mid 1980s" (...) "Among nationwide parties, experts have systematically perceived PSOE, CDS and PP as exhibiting strong positive attitudes toward European integration, and these attitudes have also been perceived as stable over time (with small standard deviations)"
- ^ a b "History of PSOE" (in Spanish). PSOE own site. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 11 July 2007.
- ^ Aguiar, Fernando (15 October 2006). "The Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) 1879-1988 From Republican to Liberal Socialism" (PDF). Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados de Andalucía (IESA-CSIC).
- ^ "Sánchez bets big on women in Spanish campaign". POLITICO. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ "Spanish government approves new bill on transgender rights". AP News. 27 June 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ www.psoe.es https://www.psoe.es/el-socialista/opina-en-el-socialista/por-la-libertad-y-la-justicia/. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ www.psoe.es https://www.psoe.es/actualidad/noticias-actualidad/el-psoe-destaca-que-la-ley-integral-contra-la-violencia-de-genero-es-adecuada-util-y-necesaria-y-funciona--43797/. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ García, Violeta Molina Gallardo,Nacho (3 August 2023). "¿Qué movió a las mujeres a votar el 23J? Preferencia por el PSOE, rechazo a Vox y otras claves, según el CIS". elperiodicodeespana (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 September 2023.
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