Back إجراءات نشطة Arabic Актыўныя захады BE-X-OLD Активно мероприятие Bulgarian Aktive forholdsregler Danish Aktive Maßnahmen German Aktivaj iniciatoj Esperanto Medidas activas Spanish Aktiivmeetmed Estonian Mesures actives French Aktív intézkedések Hungarian
| Active measures | |
 | |
| Russian | активные мероприятия |
|---|---|
| Romanization | aktivnye meropriyatiya |
| IPA | [ɐkˈtʲivnɨje mʲɪrəprʲɪˈjætʲɪjə] |
Active measures (Russian: активные мероприятия, romanized: aktivnye meropriyatiya) is a term used to describe political warfare conducted by the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. The term, which dates back to the 1920s, includes operations such as espionage, propaganda, sabotage and assassination, based on foreign policy objectives of the Soviet and Russian governments.[1][2][3] Active measures have continued to be used by the administration of Vladimir Putin.[4][5]
- ^ Darczewska, Jolanta & Żochowski, Piotr (June 2017). "Active Measures: Russia's key export". Point of View (64). OSW. ISBN 978-83-65827-03-6.
- ^ Testimony of Alexander, Gen. (ret.) Keith B. (30 March 2017). "Disinformation: A Primer in Russian Active Measures and Influence Campaigns" (PDF). United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. p. 1. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^ Mitrokhin, Vasili; Andrew, Christopher (2000). The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-028487-7. google books.
- ^ Abrams, Steve (2016). "Beyond Propaganda: Soviet Active Measures in Putin's Russia". Connections. 15 (1): 5–31. doi:10.11610/Connections.15.1.01. ISSN 1812-1098. JSTOR 26326426.
- ^ Bertelsen, Olga, ed. (March 2021). Russian Active Measures: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. ibidem Press. ISBN 978-3-83821-529-7.
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