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Democratic socialism represents the modernist development of socialism and its outspoken support for democracy. The origins of democratic socialism can be traced back to 19th-century utopian socialist thinkers and the Chartist movement in Great Britain, which somewhat differed in their goals but shared a common demand of democratic decision making and public ownership of the means of production, and viewed these as fundamental characteristics of the society they advocated for.[1] Democratic socialism was also heavily influenced by the gradualist form of socialism promoted by the British Fabian Society and Eduard Bernstein's evolutionary socialism.[2]
In the 19th century, democratic socialism was repressed by many governments; countries such as Germany and Italy banned democratic socialist parties.[3][4] With the expansion of liberal democracy and universal suffrage during the 20th century, democratic socialism became a mainstream movement which expanded across the world. Democratic socialists played a major role in liberal democracy,[5] often forming governing parties or acting as the main opposition party (one major exception being the United States[6]).
- ^ Sargent 2008, p. 118.
- ^ Bernstein 1907; Cole 1961; Steger 1997.
- ^ Berman 2006, p. 52.
- ^ Dolack 2016, p. 30.
- ^ Pierson 1995, p. 71.
- ^ Foner 1984; Lipset & Marks 2000.
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