4MV

4MV
	Mars-6, a 3MP version of the 4MV bus.
Manufacturer	NPO Lavochkin
Country of origin	Soviet Union
Operator	Soviet Space Program
Specifications
Power	2 Solar arrays (Mars, Venera); 4 Solar arrays (Astron, Granat)
Production
Operational	1971-1989 Engines: 1 KTDU-425 (Mars 2-3); 1 KTDU-425A (Post 1971); Fuel: UDMH/N2O4;
← 3MV	5VK →

The 4MV planetary probe (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus.

It was an incremental improvement of earlier 3MV probes and was used for Mars missions 2 to 7 and Venera missions 9 to 16. Different versions of the bus exist, for example 4V-1, 4V-M and 4V-2.^[1]^[2] The same base design was also used for earth-orbiting space observatories.^[3]

^ "Venera 9, 10, 11, 12 (4V1 #1, 2, 3, 4)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
^ "Venera 13, 14 (4V1M #1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
^ "4MV". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.

[:0-1] "Venera 9, 10, 11, 12 (4V1 #1, 2, 3, 4)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.

[:1-2] "Venera 13, 14 (4V1M #1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2023-09-25.

[3] "4MV". www.astronautix.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023.

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