Added sugar

Added sugars or free sugars are sugar carbohydrates (caloric sweeteners) added to food and beverages at some point before their consumption.^[1] These include added carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides), and more broadly, sugars naturally present in honey, syrup, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates.^[2]^[3] They can take multiple chemical forms, including sucrose (table sugar), glucose (dextrose), and fructose.

Medical consensus holds that added sugars contribute little nutritional value to food,^[1] leading to a colloquial description as "empty calories". Overconsumption of sugar is correlated with excessive calorie intake and increased risk of weight gain and various diseases.^[1]^[4]^[5] Individuals who consume a 17%-21% of their daily calories from added sugar are reported to have a 38% higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease compared to those who consume 8% of their daily calories from added sugar.^[6]

^ ^a ^b ^c Lindsay H Allen; Andrew Prentice (December 28, 2012). Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition 3E. Academic Press. pp. 231–233. ISBN 978-0-12-384885-7. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
^ "WHO Guideline, 2015, "Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children, 2015", Geneva". 2015.
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^ Mackey, Christian; Plegue, Melissa A; Deames, Marian; Kittle, Matthew; Sonneville, Kendrin R; Chang, Tammy (January 2018). "Family physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the weight effects of added sugar". SAGE Open Medicine. 6: 205031211880124. doi:10.1177/2050312118801245. ISSN 2050-3121. PMC 6146324. PMID 30245821.

[AllenPrentice2012-1] Lindsay H Allen; Andrew Prentice (December 28, 2012). Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition 3E. Academic Press. pp. 231–233. ISBN 978-0-12-384885-7. Retrieved April 4, 2013.

[whodiet-2] "WHO Guideline, 2015, "Guideline: Sugars intake for adults and children, 2015", Geneva". 2015.

[efsa-3] Cite error: The named reference efsa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[cdc-4] Cite error: The named reference cdc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[aha18-5] Cite error: The named reference aha18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[6] Mackey, Christian; Plegue, Melissa A; Deames, Marian; Kittle, Matthew; Sonneville, Kendrin R; Chang, Tammy (January 2018). "Family physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the weight effects of added sugar". SAGE Open Medicine. 6: 205031211880124. doi:10.1177/2050312118801245. ISSN 2050-3121. PMC 6146324. PMID 30245821.

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