Analysis of Western European colonialism and colonization

European colonialism and colonization is the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, founding a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.^[1]^[2] For example, colonial policies, such as the type of rule implemented,^[3] the nature of investments,^[4]^[5] and identity of the colonizers,^[6] are cited as impacting postcolonial states. Examination of the state-building process, economic development, and cultural norms and mores shows the direct and indirect consequences of colonialism on the postcolonial states.

^ Bruhn, Miriam; Gallego, Francisco A. (19 July 2011). "Good, Bad, and Ugly Colonial Activities: Do They Matter for Economic Development?" (PDF). Review of Economics and Statistics. 94 (2): 433–461. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00218. hdl:10986/21436. ISSN 0034-6535. S2CID 14069335.
^ Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James (December 2001). "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation". American Economic Review. 91 (5): 1369–1401. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.313.7172. doi:10.1257/aer.91.5.1369.
^ Crowder, Michael (1 July 1964). "Indirect Rule—French and British Style". Africa. 34 (3): 197–205. doi:10.2307/1158021. ISSN 1750-0184. JSTOR 1158021. S2CID 145185818.
^ Huillery, Elise (1 January 2009). "History Matters: The Long-Term Impact of Colonial Public Investments in French West Africa". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 1 (2): 176–215. doi:10.1257/app.1.2.176. JSTOR 25760165. S2CID 3343920.
^ Huillery, Elise (1 March 2011). "The Impact of European Settlement within French West Africa: Did Pre-colonial Prosperous Areas Fall Behind?". Journal of African Economies. 20 (2): 263–311. doi:10.1093/jae/ejq030. ISSN 0963-8024.
^ Bertocchi, Graziella; Canova, Fabio (1 December 2002). "Did colonization matter for growth?: An empirical exploration into the historical causes of Africa's underdevelopment". European Economic Review. 46 (10): 1851–1871. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00195-7.

[GoodBad-1] Bruhn, Miriam; Gallego, Francisco A. (19 July 2011). "Good, Bad, and Ugly Colonial Activities: Do They Matter for Economic Development?" (PDF). Review of Economics and Statistics. 94 (2): 433–461. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00218. hdl:10986/21436. ISSN 0034-6535. S2CID 14069335.

[Origins-2] Acemoglu, Daron; Robinson, James (December 2001). "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation". American Economic Review. 91 (5): 1369–1401. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.313.7172. doi:10.1257/aer.91.5.1369.

[Crowder-3] Crowder, Michael (1 July 1964). "Indirect Rule—French and British Style". Africa. 34 (3): 197–205. doi:10.2307/1158021. ISSN 1750-0184. JSTOR 1158021. S2CID 145185818.

[HistoryMatters-4] Huillery, Elise (1 January 2009). "History Matters: The Long-Term Impact of Colonial Public Investments in French West Africa". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. 1 (2): 176–215. doi:10.1257/app.1.2.176. JSTOR 25760165. S2CID 3343920.

[Huillery2-5] Huillery, Elise (1 March 2011). "The Impact of European Settlement within French West Africa: Did Pre-colonial Prosperous Areas Fall Behind?". Journal of African Economies. 20 (2): 263–311. doi:10.1093/jae/ejq030. ISSN 0963-8024.

[6] Bertocchi, Graziella; Canova, Fabio (1 December 2002). "Did colonization matter for growth?: An empirical exploration into the historical causes of Africa's underdevelopment". European Economic Review. 46 (10): 1851–1871. doi:10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00195-7.

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