Anglo-Russian Convention

Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907
	Map of southwest Asia, showing British and Russian areas of rule or influence.
Signed	31 August [O.S. 18 August] 1907
Location	Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Signatories	United Kingdom; Russian Empire;
Full text
	Anglo-Russian Convention at Wikisource

The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 (Russian: Англо-Русская Конвенция 1907 г., romanized: Anglo-Russkaya Konventsiya 1907 g.), or Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet (Конвенция между Соединенным Королевством и Россией относительно Персии, Афганистана, и Тибета; Konventsiya mezhdu Soyedinennym Korolevstvom i Rossiyey otnositel'no Persii, Afghanistana, i Tibeta),^[1] was signed on August 31, 1907, in Saint Petersburg. It ended the longstanding rivalry in Central Asia and enabled the two countries to outflank the Germans, who were threatening to connect Berlin to Baghdad with a new railroad that could potentially align the Ottoman Empire with Imperial Germany.

The Convention ended the long dispute over Persia. Great Britain promised to stay out of northern Persia, and Russia recognized southern Persia as part of the British sphere of influence. Russia also promised to stay out of Tibet and Afghanistan. In exchange, London extended loans and some political support.^[2]^[3] The convention brought shaky British–Russian relations to the forefront by solidifying boundaries that identified respective control in Persia,^[4]^[5] Afghanistan, and Tibet. This agreement would eventually lead to the formation of the Triple Entente.^[6]

^ See text in British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898–1914, Volume IV, The Anglo-Russian Rapprochement 1903–7. Edited by G. P. Gooch and H Temperley. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1929. pp 618–621. Appendix I – Full Text of Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia (Iran), Afghanistan, and Tibet, Signed At St Petersburgh, August 31, 1907 (in French)
^ Barbara Jelavich, St. Petersburg and Moscow: Tsarist And Soviet Foreign Policy, 1814–1974 (1974), pp 247–49, 254–56.
^ Ewen W. Edwards, "The Far Eastern Agreements of 1907." Journal of Modern History 26.4 (1954): 340–355. Online
^ British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898–1914, Volume IV, The Anglo-Russian Rapprochement 1903-7. Edited by G.P. Gooch and H Temperley. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1929. p618-621. Appendix IV – Revised Draft of Agreement Concerning Persia, Sent to Sir A. Nicholson by Sir Edward Grey on June 6, 1907
^ Yale Law School: "Agreement concerning Persia" (in English)
^ Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Anglo-Russian Entente

[1] See text in British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898–1914, Volume IV, The Anglo-Russian Rapprochement 1903–7. Edited by G. P. Gooch and H Temperley. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1929. pp 618–621. Appendix I – Full Text of Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia (Iran), Afghanistan, and Tibet, Signed At St Petersburgh, August 31, 1907 (in French)

[2] Barbara Jelavich, St. Petersburg and Moscow: Tsarist And Soviet Foreign Policy, 1814–1974 (1974), pp 247–49, 254–56.

[3] Ewen W. Edwards, "The Far Eastern Agreements of 1907." Journal of Modern History 26.4 (1954): 340–355. Online

[4] British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898–1914, Volume IV, The Anglo-Russian Rapprochement 1903-7. Edited by G.P. Gooch and H Temperley. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1929. p618-621. Appendix IV – Revised Draft of Agreement Concerning Persia, Sent to Sir A. Nicholson by Sir Edward Grey on June 6, 1907

[5] Yale Law School: "Agreement concerning Persia" (in English)

[britannica-6] Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. Anglo-Russian Entente

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