Battle of Teruel

Battle of Teruel
	Part of the Spanish Civil War
	; Republican soldiers at Teruel, 1938
Date	December 15, 1937 – February 22, 1938
Location	Teruel, Aragon, Spain
Result	Nationalist victory
Belligerents
Spanish Republic	Nationalist Spain
Commanders and leaders
Juan Hernández Saravia; Enrique Fernández Heredia; Juan Ibarrola; Vicente Rojo Lluch; Enrique Líster; El Campesino; Karol Świerczewski	Francisco Franco; Antonio Aranda; José Enrique Varela; Juan Yagüe; Domingo Rey d'Harcourt (POW)
Strength
40,000 100,000	Teruel garrison: 4,000-less than 10,000 Reinforcements: 100,000
Casualties and losses
~60,000	~57,000

The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years.^[9] The battle was one of the bloodiest actions of the war, with the city changing hands several times by first falling to the Republicans and eventually being retaken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. In the two-month battle, both factions together took 110,000 casualties.

With his superiority in men and material, the Nationalist leader Francisco Franco regained Teruel. This battle became the military turning point of the war.^[9]^[10]

^ Hugh Purcell, The Spanish Civil War (part of the Documentary History Series) (1973), p. 95.
^ ^a ^b Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 316
^ Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. p. 768
^ Jackson, Gabriel. The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 399
^ Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. p. 770
^ Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 321
^ Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 322
^ Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. p. 773
^ ^a ^b Hugh Purcell, p. 95.
^ Paul Preston, The Spanish Civil War, an Illustrated Chronicle 1936-39 (New York, 1986), p. 149.

[1] Hugh Purcell, The Spanish Civil War (part of the Documentary History Series) (1973), p. 95.

[Beevor,_p._316-2] Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 316

[3] Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. p. 768

[4] Jackson, Gabriel. The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939. Princeton University Press. Princeton. 1967. p. 399

[5] Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. p. 770

[6] Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 321

[7] Beevor, Antony. The battle for Spain; the Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2006. p. 322

[8] Thomas, Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Penguin Books. London. 2001. p. 773

[Purcell,_p._95.-9] Hugh Purcell, p. 95.

[10] Paul Preston, The Spanish Civil War, an Illustrated Chronicle 1936-39 (New York, 1986), p. 149.

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