Back بينجامين سبوك Arabic بينجامين سبوك ARZ Benjamin Spock AST Benjamin Spok Azerbaijani بنجامین اسپوک AZB Бенджамін Спок Byelorussian Бенджамин Спок Bulgarian Benjamin Spock Catalan Benjamin Spock Czech Benjamin Spock Welsh
Benjamin Spock | |
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_02.jpg) Spock in 1976 | |
| Born | Benjamin McLane Spock May 2, 1903 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | March 15, 1998 (aged 94) San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Education | Yale University (BA) Columbia University (MD) |
| Spouse |
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| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Marjorie Spock (sister) |
| Awards | E. Mead Johnson Award (1948) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Pediatrics, psychoanalysis |
| Institutions | Mayo Clinic 1947–1951 University of Pittsburgh 1951–1955 Case Western Reserve University 1955–1967 |
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Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician[1] and left-wing political activist.[2] His book Baby and Child Care (1946) is one of the best-selling books of the 20th century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication and 50 million by the time of Spock's death in 1998.[3] The book's premise told mothers, "You know more than you think you do."[4] Spock's parenting advice and recommendations revolutionized the upbringing of children in the U.S., and he is considered one of the most famous and influential Americans of the 20th century.[5][6]
Spock was the first pediatrician to study psychoanalysis in an effort to understand children's needs and family dynamics. His ideas influenced several generations of parents, encouraging them to be more flexible and affectionate with their children and to treat them as individuals. However, his theories were widely criticized by colleagues for relying heavily on anecdotal evidence rather than serious academic research.[7]
After undergoing a self-described "conversion to socialism", Spock became an activist in the New Left and anti-Vietnam War movements during the '60s and early '70s, culminating in his run for President of the United States as the People's Party nominee in 1972. He campaigned on a maximum wage, legalized abortion, and withdrawing troops from all foreign countries. His books were criticized by conservatives for propagating permissiveness and an expectation of instant gratification, a charge that Spock denied.[8]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Downes, Lawrence (March 22, 1998). "Word for Word / Dr. Spock; Time to Change the Baby Advice: Evolution of a Child-Care Icon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Thomas Maier, Dr. Spock: An American Life (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 462.
- ^ Hidalgo, Louise (August 23, 2011). "Dr Spock's Baby and Child Care at 65". BBC News. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
- ^ Barfoot, Paul (February 3, 2021). "75 Years of Benjamin Spock's Common Sense Parenting". Syracuse University. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ "Benjamin Spock: A Biography". Encyclopædia Britannica. June 19, 2021. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ Maier, 260.
- ^ Pace, Eric (March 17, 1998). "Benjamin Spock, World's Pediatrician, Dies at 94". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
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