Bloody Sunday (1905)

Bloody Sunday/Red Sunday
Part of the 1905 Russian Revolution
Crowd of petitioners, led by Father Gapon, near Narva Gate, St. Petersburg
Date	22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1905
Location	St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Goals	To deliver a petition to Tsar Nicholas II, calling for reforms such as: limitations on state officials' power, improvements to working conditions and hours, and the introduction of a national parliament
Methods	Demonstration march
Resulted in	Dispersal of the workers' procession; beginning of the 1905 Russian Revolution
Parties
Assembly of Russian Factory Workers of St. Petersburg Imperial Guard, Cossacks, line infantry
Lead figures
Father Georgy Gapon
Number
3,000 to 50,000 demonstrators 10,000+ soldiers
Casualties and losses
Deaths 143–234 Injuries    439–800 Arrests    6,831

Bloody Sunday or Red Sunday^[1] (Russian: Кровавое воскресенье, tr. Krovavoye voskresenye, IPA: [krɐˈvavəɪ vəskrʲɪˈsʲenʲjɪ]) was the series of events on Sunday, 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1905 in St Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon, were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Bloody Sunday caused grave consequences for the Tsarist autocracy governing Imperial Russia: the events in St. Petersburg provoked public outrage and a series of massive strikes that spread quickly to the industrial centres of the Russian Empire. The massacre on Bloody Sunday is considered to be the start of the active phase of the Revolution of 1905. In addition to beginning the 1905 Revolution, historians such as Lionel Kochan in his book Russia in Revolution 1890–1918 view the events of Bloody Sunday to be one of the key events which led to the Russian Revolution of 1917.