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Chagatai language

"Turki" redirects here. For other uses, see Turki (disambiguation).
Chagatai
چغتای
Čaġatāy
Chagatai written in Nastaliq script (چغتای)
RegionCentral Asia
ExtinctAround 1921
Early forms
Perso-Arabic script (Nastaliq)
Official status
Official language in
Language codes
ISO 639-2chg
ISO 639-3chg
chg
Glottologchag1247

Chagatai[a] (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki,[b][5] Eastern Turkic,[6] or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi),[4] is an extinct Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia. It remained the shared literary language in the region until the early 20th century. It was used across a wide geographic area including western or Russian Turkestan (i.e. parts of modern-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan), eastern or Chinese Turkestan (where a dialect, known as Kaşğar tılı, developed), the Crimea, the Volga region (such as Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), etc.[7][8] Literary Chagatai is the predecessor of the modern Karluk branch of Turkic languages, which includes Uzbek and Uyghur.[9] Turkmen, which is not within the Karluk branch but in the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, was nonetheless heavily influenced by Chagatai for centuries.[10]

Ali-Shir Nava'i was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature.[11]

Lizheng Gate at the Chengde Mountain Resort. The second column from the left is the Chagatai language written in Perso-Arabic Nastaʿlīq script which reads Rawshan Otturādiqi Darwāza.

Chagatai literature is still studied in modern Uzbekistan, where the language is seen as the predecessor and the direct ancestor of modern Uzbek, and the literature is regarded as part of the national heritage of Uzbekistan.

  1. ^ Grenoble, Lenore (2003). Language Policy of the Soviet Union. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 143. ISBN 1-4020-1298-5.
  2. ^ "Chaghatay Language and Literature". Encyclopedia Iranica. Ebn Mohannā (Jamāl-al-Dīn, fl. early 8th/14th century, probably in Khorasan), for instance, characterized it as the purest of all Turkish languages (Doerfer, 1976, p. 243), and the khans of the Golden Horde (Radloff, 1870; Kurat; Bodrogligeti, 1962) and of the Crimea (Kurat), as well as the Kazan Tatars (Akhmetgaleeva; Yusupov), wrote in Chaghatay much of the time.
  3. ^ Sertkaya, Ayşe Gül (2002). "Şeyhzade Abdurrezak Bahşı". In Hazai, György (ed.). Archivum Ottomanicum. Vol. 20. pp. 114–115. As a result, we can claim that Şeyhzade Abdürrezak Bahşı was a scribe lived in the palaces of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror and his son Bayezid-i Veli in the 15th century, wrote letters (bitig) and firmans (yarlığ) sent to Eastern Turks by Mehmed II and Bayezid II in both Uighur and Arabic scripts and in East Turkestan (Chagatai) language.
  4. ^ a b Eckmann, János (1966). Sebeok, Thomas A. (ed.). Chagatay Manual. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 60. Indiana University Publications. p. 4.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bergne2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Eckmann, János (1966). Sebeok, Thomas A. (ed.). Chagatay Manual. Uralic and Altaic Series. Vol. 60. Indiana University Publications. p. 6.
  7. ^ "Chagatai literature". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
  8. ^ Bakker, Peter; Matras, Yaron (26 June 2013). Contact Languages. Walter de Gruyter. p. 292. ISBN 9781614513711.
  9. ^ Grenoble, L. A. (11 April 2006). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-306-48083-6.
  10. ^ Vaidyanath, R. (1967). The Formation of the Soviet Central Asian Republics: A Study in Soviet Nationalities Policy, 1917–1936. People's Publishing House. p. 24.
  11. ^ McHenry, Robert, ed. (1993). "Navā'ī, (Mir) 'Alī Shīr". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 563.


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