Chester school protests

The Chester school protests were a series of demonstrations that occurred from November 1963 through April 1964 in Chester, Pennsylvania. The demonstrations aimed to end the de facto segregation of Chester public schools that persisted after the 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka.^[1] The racial unrest and civil rights protests were led by Stanley Branche of the Committee for Freedom Now (CFFN) and George Raymond of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored Persons (NAACP).

In April 1964, a series of almost nightly protests brought chaos to Chester. The city deputized firemen and trash collectors to help handle demonstrators^[2] and the State of Pennsylvania deployed 50 state troopers to assist the 77-member Chester police force.^[3] The demonstrations were marked by violence and police brutality; activist James Farmer dubbed Chester the "Birmingham of the North". More than 600 people were arrested over a two-month period of civil rights rallies, marches, pickets, boycotts, and sit-ins.^[4] National civil rights leaders such as Dick Gregory, Gloria Richardson, and Malcolm X came to Chester to support the demonstrations. Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton convinced protestors to obey a court-ordered moratorium on demonstrations by forming the Pennsylvania Human Relations Committee to hold hearings on school desegregation.^[5]

In November 1964, the committee concluded that the Chester School Board had violated the law. The Chester School District was ordered to desegregate the city's six predominantly African-American schools. The city appealed the ruling, which delayed implementation, but eventually desegregated the schools.