Chilean occupation of Peru

Peruvian Republic República Peruana (Spanish)
1879–1883
Flags of Peru (de jure) and Chile (de facto) Coat of arms
Peru in 1881 The territory outside of Lima and the south was nominally administered by the collaborationist government of Miguel Iglesias. From November 2, 1879 onwards, the Peruvian territories of Tacna, Arica and Tarapacá were under the absolute control of the administration of the Chilean Army. From January 17, 1881 onwards, the department of Lima was under the absolute control of the administration of the Chilean Army. The maritime space and the Peruvian islands such as the Lobos de Afuera [es] and Lobos de Tierra islands remained under the administration of the Chilean Navy. Tarapacá, Tacna and Arica would remain occupied until the treaties of Ancón (1883) and Lima (1929).
Capital	Lima[a] (1881–1883) Cajamarca[b] (1881–1884)
Government	Military occupation by Chile
President (of Chile)
• 1879–1881	Aníbal Pinto
• 1881–1883	Domingo Santa María
President (of Peru)
• 1881	Francisco García Calderón
• 1881–1883	Lizardo Montero
• 1883–1885	Miguel Iglesias
Commander in Chief of the Occupation Forces
• 1881	Cornelio Saavedra
• 1881	Pedro Lagos
• 1881–1883	Patricio Lynch
History
• Tarapacá campaign	2 November 1879
• Treaty of Ancón	23 October 1883
• Chilean withdrawal	29 October 1883
Preceded by Succeeded by Peru Peru

The Chilean occupation of Peru (Spanish: Ocupación chilena del Perú) began on November 2, 1879, with the beginning of the Tarapacá campaign during the War of the Pacific. The Chilean Army successfully defeated the Peruvian Army and occupied the southern Peruvian territories of Tarapacá, Arica and Tacna. By January 1881, the Chilean army had reached Lima, and on January 17 of the same year, the occupation of Lima began.

During the occupation, a collaborationist government was established in La Magdalena, known as the Government of La Magdalena (Spanish: Gobierno de La Magdalena), headed by Francisco García Calderón, that served as the representative government of Peru in order to negotiate the end of the war. After García Calderón's refusal to agree to the territorial transfer of Tarapacá, Arica, and Tacna, he was exiled to Chile along with his wife, where he was pressured again until Lizardo Montero's Cry of Montán, and the establishment of his new government in Cajamarca, known as the Regenerator Government (Spanish: Gobierno Regenerador), which would be recognized as the successor of García Calderón's government by Chile.

The occupation came to an end after the signing of the Treaty of Ancón on October 23, 1883, with Chilean troops retreating on October 29. However, Chilean forces continued to occupy and administer Tarata until 1925, while a final agreement between the two countries regarding Tacna and Arica was reached in 1929.
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