Common Security and Defence Policy

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Common Security and Defence Policy (European Defence Union)
Arms of the Military Staff (EUMS), which includes the EU's permanent operational headquarters, MPCC
Founded	1999 (as the European Security and Defence Policy)
Current form	2009 (Treaty of Lisbon)
Headquarters	Military (MPCC) and Civilian (CPCC) Planning and Conduct Capabilities, Kortenberg building, Brussels, Belgium
Website	eeas.europa.eu
Leadership
High Representative	Josep Borrell
Director General of the Military Staff	LTG Esa Pulkkinen
Chairman of the Military Committee	GEN Robert Brieger
Personnel
Active personnel	1,410,626 (2016)[1]
Reserve personnel	2,330,803
Expenditures
Budget	€223.4 billion ($249.3 billion) (2018)[2]
Percent of GDP	1.5% (2020)[3]
Related articles
History	History of the Common Security and Defence Policy

The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is the European Union's (EU) course of action in the fields of defence and crisis management, and a main component of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).

The CSDP involves the deployment of military or civilian missions to preserve peace, prevent conflict and strengthen international security in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter. Military missions are carried out by EU forces established with secondments from the member states' armed forces. The CSDP also entails collective self-defence amongst member states^[a] as well as a Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) in which 26 of the 27 national armed forces pursue structural integration. The CSDP structure – headed by the Union's High Representative (HR/VP), Josep Borrell, and sometimes referred to as the European Defence Union (EDU) in relation to its prospective development as the EU's defence arm^[4][5][6][b] – comprises:

• the European Commission's Defence Industry Directorate-General
• the External Action Service's (EEAS) Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (CMPD) and permanent Operation Headquarters (OHQs) for command and control (C2) at the military/civilian strategic level, i.e. the MPCC and CPCC.
• a number of Foreign Affairs Council (FAC) preparatory bodies – such as the Military Committee (EUMC)
• four agencies, including the Defence Agency (EDA)

The EU command and control structures are much smaller than the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Command Structure (NCS), which has been established for territorial defence. It has been agreed that NATO's Allied Command Operations (ACO) may be used for the conduct of the EU's missions. The MPCC, established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020, is the EU's first permanent military OHQ. In parallel, the newly established European Defence Fund (EDF) marks the first time the EU budget is used to finance multinational defence projects.

Decisions relating to the CSDP are proposed by the High Representative, adopted by the Foreign Affairs Council, generally requiring unanimity, to be then implemented by the High Representative.

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