Back Tschechoslowakische Sozialistische Republik ALS جمهورية تشيكوسلوفاكيا الاشتراكية Arabic چک ایسلواکی شوروی سوسیالیست جومهوریتی AZB Чэхаславацкая сацыялістычная рэспубліка BE-X-OLD Чехословашка социалистическа република Bulgarian República Socialista Txecoslovaca Catalan Чехословакин Социалистийн Республика CE Československá socialistická republika Czech Τσεχοσλοβακική Σοσιαλιστική Δημοκρατία Greek Ĉeĥoslovaka socialisma respubliko Esperanto
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Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1939) (1945-1948) Československá republika Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1990) Československá socialistická republika Czechoslovak Federative Republic (1990-1993) Československá federativní republika (Czech) Česko-slovenská federatívna republika (Slovak) | |||||||||
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| 1948–1990 | |||||||||
| Motto: Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí "Truth prevails" | |||||||||
| Anthem: ’Kde domov můj’ (Czech) ’Where my home is’ ’Nad Tatrou sa blýska’ (Slovak) ’Lightning Over the Tatras’ | |||||||||
 The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1989 | |||||||||
| Status | Warsaw Pact and Comecon member | ||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Prague 50°05′N 14°25′E / 50.083°N 14.417°E | ||||||||
| Official languages | |||||||||
| Religion |
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| Government |
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| General Secretary | |||||||||
• 1948–1953 | Klement Gottwald | ||||||||
• 1953–1968 | Antonín Novotný | ||||||||
• 1968–1969 | Alexander Dubček | ||||||||
• 1969–1987 | Gustáv Husák | ||||||||
• 1987–1989 | Miloš Jakeš | ||||||||
• 1989 | Karel Urbánek | ||||||||
• 1989–1990 | Ladislav Adamec | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1948–1953 (first) | Klement Gottwald | ||||||||
• 1989–1990 (last) | Václav Havel | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1948–1953 (first) | Antonín Zápotocký | ||||||||
• 1989–1990 (last) | Marián Čalfa | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 25 February 1948 | |||||||||
| 9 May 1948 | |||||||||
| 11 July 1960 | |||||||||
| 21 August 1968 | |||||||||
| 1 January 1969 | |||||||||
| 24 November 1989 | |||||||||
| 23 April 1990 | |||||||||
• End of the Government of National Understanding | 27 June 1990 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 127,900 km2 (49,400 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• Estimate | 15,600,000 | ||||||||
| HDI (1990) |  0.931[1]very high | ||||||||
| Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | ||||||||
| Calling code | 42 | ||||||||
| Internet TLD | .cs | ||||||||
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| Today part of | |||||||||
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| History of Czechoslovakia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Czechoslovak Socialist Republic |
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The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic,[a] known from 1948 to 1960 as the Czechoslovak Republic[b], Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, or simply Czechoslovakia, was the Czechoslovak state from 1948 until 1989, when the country was under communist rule, and was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of interest.[3]
Following the coup d'état of February 1948, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power with the support of the Soviet Union, the country was declared a socialist republic when the Ninth-of-May Constitution became effective. The traditional name Československá republika (Czechoslovak Republic), along with several other state symbols, were changed on 11 July 1960 following the implementation of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia as a symbol of the "final victory of socialism" in the country.
In April 1990, shortly after the Velvet Revolution of November 1989, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was renamed to the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic. On 27 June 1990, the National Government of Understanding established by Ladislav Adamec which replaced his own government and was established for the designation of the Czechoslovak Federal Government. It was established in 10 December 1989 and until 1990, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was in power of the government and held a large majority until the new elections in February 1990 when the Civic Forum claimed victory and led the government until its end. The government was replaced by the Government of National Sacrifice led by Marián Čalfa.
- ^ "Human Development Report 1990" (PDF). Human Development Reports.
- ^ Vladimir Tismaneanu, Marius Stan, Cambridge University Press, 17 May, 2018, Romania Confronts Its Communist Past: Democracy, Memory, and Moral Justice, p. 132
- ^ Rao, B. V. (2006), History of Modern Europe Ad 1789–2002: A.D. 1789–2002, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
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