Decolonization

Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas.^[1] The meanings and applications of the term are disputed. Some scholars of decolonization focus especially on independence movements in the colonies and the collapse of global colonial empires.^[2]^[3] Other scholars extend the meaning to include economic, cultural and psychological aspects of the colonial experience.^[4]^[5]

Decolonization scholars form the school of thought known as decoloniality and apply decolonial frameworks to struggles against the coloniality of power and coloniality of knowledge. Indigenous and post-colonial scholars have critiqued Western worldviews, promoting decolonization of knowledge and the centering of traditional ecological knowledge.^[6]^[7] Extending the meaning of decolonization beyond political independence has been disputed and received criticism.^[8]^[9]^[10]

^ Note however discussion of (for example) the Russian and Nazi empires below.
^ Hack, Karl (2008). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 255–257. ISBN 978-0028659657.
^ John Lynch, ed. Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826: Old and New World Origins (1995).
^ Betts, Raymond F. (2012). "Decolonization a brief history of the word". Beyond Empire and Nation. Brill. pp. 23–37. doi:10.1163/9789004260443_004. ISBN 978-90-04-26044-3. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h2zm.5.
^ Corntassel, Jeff (8 September 2012). "Re-envisioning resurgence: Indigenous pathways to decolonization and sustainable self-determination". Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society. 1 (1). ISSN 1929-8692.
^ Nabobo-Baba, Unaisi (2006). Knowing and Learning: An Indigenous Fijian Approach. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva. pp. 1–3, 37–40. ISBN 978-982-02-0379-2.
^ Tuhiwai Smith, Linda (2013). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84813-953-4.^{[page needed]}
^ Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi (2022). Against decolonisation: taking African agency seriously. African arguments. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1-78738-692-1.^{[page needed]}
^ Kurzwelly, Jonatan; Wilckens, Malin S (2023). "Calcified identities: Persisting essentialism in academic collections of human remains". Anthropological Theory. 23 (1): 100–122. doi:10.1177/14634996221133872. S2CID 254352277.
^ Naicker, Veeran (2023). "The problem of epistemological critique in contemporary Decolonial theory". Social Dynamics. 49 (2): 220–241. doi:10.1080/02533952.2023.2226497. S2CID 259828705.

[1] Note however discussion of (for example) the Russian and Nazi empires below.

[:0-2] Hack, Karl (2008). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 255–257. ISBN 978-0028659657.

[3] John Lynch, ed. Latin American Revolutions, 1808–1826: Old and New World Origins (1995).

[:6-4] Betts, Raymond F. (2012). "Decolonization a brief history of the word". Beyond Empire and Nation. Brill. pp. 23–37. doi:10.1163/9789004260443_004. ISBN 978-90-04-26044-3. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h2zm.5.

[5] Corntassel, Jeff (8 September 2012). "Re-envisioning resurgence: Indigenous pathways to decolonization and sustainable self-determination". Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society. 1 (1). ISSN 1929-8692.

[:5-6] Nabobo-Baba, Unaisi (2006). Knowing and Learning: An Indigenous Fijian Approach. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, Suva. pp. 1–3, 37–40. ISBN 978-982-02-0379-2.

[7] Tuhiwai Smith, Linda (2013). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1-84813-953-4.^{[page needed]}

[8] Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi (2022). Against decolonisation: taking African agency seriously. African arguments. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 978-1-78738-692-1.^{[page needed]}

[9] Kurzwelly, Jonatan; Wilckens, Malin S (2023). "Calcified identities: Persisting essentialism in academic collections of human remains". Anthropological Theory. 23 (1): 100–122. doi:10.1177/14634996221133872. S2CID 254352277.

[10] Naicker, Veeran (2023). "The problem of epistemological critique in contemporary Decolonial theory". Social Dynamics. 49 (2): 220–241. doi:10.1080/02533952.2023.2226497. S2CID 259828705.

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