Energy in Bulgaria is among the most important sectors of the national economy[1] and encompasses energy and electricity production, consumption and transportation in Bulgaria.[2] The national energy policy is implemented[dubious ] by the National Assembly and the Government of Bulgaria, conducted by the Ministry of Energy and regulated by the Energy and Water Regulatory Commission.[3] The completely state-owned company Bulgarian Energy Holding owns subsidiaries operating in different energy sectors, including electricity: Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, Maritsa Iztok 2 Thermal Power Plant, NEK EAD and Elektroenergien sistemen operator (ESO); natural gas: Bulgargaz and Bulgartransgaz; coal mining: Maritsa Iztok Mines.[3][4][5] In Bulgaria, energy prices for households are state-controlled, while commercial electricity prices are determined by the market.[6]
Total primary energy production was 10.832 million tonnes of oil equivalent in 2020, of which 23.3% was produced from renewable sources.[7] Energy dependence on foreign imports as of 2020 was at 37.9%, lower than the European Union average of 57.5%.[7]
Bulgaria’s power sector is diverse and well developed, with universal access to the grid and numerous cross-border connections in neighbouring countries.[8] Although almost totally dependent of imported crude oil and natural gas, Bulgaria has an energy surplus and is a net exporter of electricity.[8] Total electricity production in 2022 has reached 49.4 TWh, while demand was 37.8 TWh.[3][9] Per capita production as of 2022 was 7,458 kWh, the highest in Southeastern Europe.[10] The main sources of electricity generation were fossil fuels (52%) and nuclear power (33%).[3] Bulgaria is aiming for over 27% renewables by 2030.[11]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
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- ^ a b c d "Bulletin on the Condition and Development of Energy in the Republic of Bulgaria in 2022" (PDF). Official Site of the Ministry of Energy of Bulgaria. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Bulgaria Consolidates Five Energy Companies into Holding". Sofia News Agency. 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
- ^ "Bulgaria announces birth of energy giant with new holding company". Power Engineering. 2008-02-14. Archived from the original on 2008-10-18. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
- ^ "Bulgaria - Country Commercial Guide". 2 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Bulletin on the Condition and Development of Energy in the Republic of Bulgaria in 2021" (PDF). Official Site of the Ministry of Energy of Bulgaria. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Bulgaria - Power Generation". Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "България отчита 22% ръст на тока от въглища през 2022-а, потреблението спада (графики)". Capital. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Per Capita Electricity Production". Our World in Data. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Bulgaria to increase renewable energy deployment in 2023". 3 January 2023.
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