Environmental injustice in Europe

Environmental injustice is the exposure of poor and marginalised communities to a disproportionate share of environmental harms such as hazardous waste, when they do not receive benefits from the land uses that create these hazards.^[1] Environmental racism is environmental injustice in a racialised context. These issues may lead to infringement of environmentally related human rights.^[2]^: 10^[3]^: 252 Environmental justice is a social movement to address these issues.

In Europe, environmental racism has been postulated in particular toward Romani communities. According to Trehan and Kocze (2009), "EU accession for the post-socialist countries has resulted in a de facto centre and periphery within Europe itself, thus exacerbating the already marginal economic and political position of Roma in Europe whose communities continue to subsist as internal colonies within Europe."^[3]^: 264 This peripheral position, in which segregated Romani settlements and their inhabitants become viewed as de-territorialized zones "beyond the pale" of government responsibility and European Union citizenship,^[3]^: 264 has been identified by some scholars as an aggravating factor in the prevalence of environmental hazards (such as proximity to industrial facilities and illegal or toxic waste dumps).^[2]^: 19–20^[3]^{: 252, 263}^[4]^: 74–5 This practice has been identified in relation to the lack of basic services such as water, housing, sanitation^[2]^: 19–20^[3]^: 263 and access to education^[5]^: 238–9 affecting marginalized Romani communities.

^ Schlosberg, David. (2007) Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature. Oxford University Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c Steger, Tamara et al. eds. Making the Case for Environmental Justice in Central & Eastern Europe. Archived October 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Budapest: CEU Center for Environmental Policy and Law, The Central European University; The Health and Environment Alliance; and The Coalition for Environmental Justice, March 2007. pp. 1–57. Web. April 10, 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Harper, Krista; Steger, Tamara; Filčák, Richard (2009). "Environmental Justice and Roma Communities in Central and Eastern Europe". Environmental Policy and Governance. 19 (4): 251–268. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.893.1144. doi:10.1002/eet.511.
^ Orta, Lucy; et al., eds. (2010). Mapping the Invisible: EU-Roma Gypsies. London, UK: Black Dog Publishing.
^ Pellow, David Naguib (2007). Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262264235.

[Schlosberg-1] Schlosberg, David. (2007) Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature. Oxford University Press.

[Steger-2] Steger, Tamara et al. eds. Making the Case for Environmental Justice in Central & Eastern Europe. Archived October 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Budapest: CEU Center for Environmental Policy and Law, The Central European University; The Health and Environment Alliance; and The Coalition for Environmental Justice, March 2007. pp. 1–57. Web. April 10, 2016.

[Harper-3] Harper, Krista; Steger, Tamara; Filčák, Richard (2009). "Environmental Justice and Roma Communities in Central and Eastern Europe". Environmental Policy and Governance. 19 (4): 251–268. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.893.1144. doi:10.1002/eet.511.

[Orta-4] Orta, Lucy; et al., eds. (2010). Mapping the Invisible: EU-Roma Gypsies. London, UK: Black Dog Publishing.

[Pellow-5] Pellow, David Naguib (2007). Resisting Global Toxics: Transnational Movements for Environmental Justice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262264235.

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