Back فویو قیرغیز تورکجهسی AZB Фуюйска-кыргыская мова BE-X-OLD Фуюйско-киргизки език Bulgarian Hó-ṳ̄ Kyrgyz-ngṳ̄ CDO Fujüská kyrgyzština Czech Fuyu-Kirgisen German Γλώσσα Φουγιού Κιργκίζ Greek Gïrgïs de Fu-Yü French 富裕キルギス語 Japanese Пуйо қырғыз тілі Kazakh
| Fuyu Kyrgyz | |
|---|---|
| Fuyü Gïrgïs | |
| Gĭrgĭs | |
| Pronunciation | [qərʁəs] |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Heilongjiang |
| Ethnicity | Fuyu Kyrgyz, 880 people[1] |
Native speakers | 10 (2007)[1] |
Turkic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
kjh-fyk | |
| Glottolog | fuyu1243 |
| ELP | Manchurian Kirghiz |
 Fuyu Kyrgyz is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Fuyu Kyrgyz (Fuyü Gïrgïs, Fu-Yu Kirgiz), also known as Manchurian Kirghiz, is a critically endangered Turkic language, and as gɨr.gɨs, Gïrgïs, Kyrgysdar is an ethnonym of the Turkic unrecognized ethnic group in China.[4] Despite the name, the Fuyu Kyrgyz language is not closely related to the Kyrgyz language, which is of Kipchak origin. The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is more similar to the Western Yugur language and the Abakan Turkic languages.[5] The people originated in the Yenisei region of Siberia but were relocated into Dzungaria by the Dzungars.[6][7]
In 1761, after the Dzungars were defeated by the Qing, a group of Yenisei Kirghiz were deported (along with some Öelet or Oirat-speaking Dzungars) to the Nonni (Nen) river basin in Manchuria/Northeast China.[8][9] The Kyrgyz in Manchuria became known as the Fuyu Kyrgyz, but many have become merged into the Mongol and Chinese population. Chinese[clarification needed] and Oirat replaced Oirat and Kirghiz during the period of Manchukuo as the dual languages of the Nonni-based Kyrgyz.[10]
The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is now spoken in northeastern China's Heilongjiang province, in and around Fuyu County, Qiqihar (300 km northwest of Harbin) by a small number of passive speakers who are classified as Kyrgyz nationality.[11] Fuyu County as a whole has 1,400 Fuyu Kyrgyz people.[12]
- ^ a b Khakas at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Brown & Ogilvie 2010, p. 1109.
- ^ Johanson & Johanson 2003, p. 83.
- ^ Hu & Imart 1987.
- ^ Hölzl, Andreas (2018). A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond: An ecological perspective. Language Science Press. p. 331. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1344467. ISBN 978-3-96110-102-3. "Despite its name, Fuyu Kyrgyz, spoken in the Helojiang province of Northeastern China, is more closely related to Yellow Uyghur and the other Yenisei Turkic languages than to Kyrgyz as such, which belongs to the Kipchak branch."
- ^ Tchoroev (Chorotegin) 2003, p. 110.
- ^ Pozzi, Janhunen & Weiers 2006, pp. 112–113.
- ^ Janhunen 1996, pp. 111–112.
- ^ Wurm, Mühlhäusler & Tryon 2011, p. 831.
- ^ Janhunen 1996, p. 59.
- ^ Hu & Imart 1987, p. 1.
- ^ Fuyu County Civil Affairs Bureau 2021.
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