Giovinezza

Giovinezza
English: Youth
	Score of "Giovinezza"
	Former national anthem of Italy
Lyrics	Nino Oxilia (1909); Marcello Manni (1919); Salvator Gotta (1924)
Music	Giuseppe Blanc, 1909
Adopted	1943
Relinquished	1945
Preceded by	"Marcia Reale" (Kingdom of Italy)
Succeeded by	"La Leggenda del Piave"
Audio sample
	Giovinezza (Vocal) file; help;

"Giovinezza" (pronounced [dʒoviˈnettsa]; Italian for 'Youth') was the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and was an unofficial national anthem of the Kingdom of Italy between 1924 and 1943.^[1] Although often sung with the Royal March, the official anthem, some sources consider "Giovinezza" to have supplanted it as the de facto national anthem of the country^[2] (Inno della Patria),^[3] to the dismay of Victor Emmanuel III^[4]—a powerful symbol of the diarchy between the King and Mussolini.^[5] It was subsequently the official anthem of the Italian Social Republic.^[6]

Ubiquitous in mid-twentieth century Italy, the hymn emphasized youth as a theme of the fascist movement and was one example of the centrality of the Arditi to the fascist narrative.^[7]

^ Farrell, Nicholas. 2005. Mussolini: a New Life. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 1-84212-123-5. p. 238.
^ Silone, Ignazio. 1977. Fontamara. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0662-7. p. 252.
^ Bertini, Tullio Bruno. 1998. Trapped in Tuscany Liberated by the Buffalo Soldiers. Branden Books. ISBN 0-937832-35-9. p. 79.
^ Smith, Denis Mack. 1959. Italy: A Modern History. University of Michigan Press. p. 391.
^ Mack-Smith, Denis M. 1989. Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05132-8. p. 273.
^ Giacomo De Marzi, I canti di Salò, Fratelli Frilli, 2005.
^ Olick, Jeffrey K. 2003. States of Memory-CL: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3063-6. p. 69.

[farrell-1] Farrell, Nicholas. 2005. Mussolini: a New Life. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 1-84212-123-5. p. 238.

[2] Silone, Ignazio. 1977. Fontamara. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0662-7. p. 252.

[bertini-3] Bertini, Tullio Bruno. 1998. Trapped in Tuscany Liberated by the Buffalo Soldiers. Branden Books. ISBN 0-937832-35-9. p. 79.

[4] Smith, Denis Mack. 1959. Italy: A Modern History. University of Michigan Press. p. 391.

[mack-smith-5] Mack-Smith, Denis M. 1989. Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05132-8. p. 273.

[6] Giacomo De Marzi, I canti di Salò, Fratelli Frilli, 2005.

[7] Olick, Jeffrey K. 2003. States of Memory-CL: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-3063-6. p. 69.

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