Back Intervention militaire chinoise au Xinjiang French Penggabungan Xinjiang ke dalam Republik Rakyat Tiongkok ID 新疆侵攻 Japanese Serangan Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat ke atas Xinjiang (1949) Malay Anexação de Sinquião pela República Popular da China Portuguese Присоединение Синьцзяна к КНР Russian Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nin Sincan'ı ilhakı Turkish 新疆和平解放 Chinese
| Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Chinese Civil War | ||||||||
 PLA in Ürümqi | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Belligerents | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
| Strength | ||||||||
| 80,000[1] | 100,000[1] | 40,000 | ||||||
| History of Xinjiang |
|---|
 |
The incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China, known in Chinese historiography as the Peaceful Liberation of Xinjiang, was the takeover of Xinjiang by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its People's Liberation Army (PLA) in the waning days of the Chinese Civil War. At the time, Xinjiang was divided into ten districts. The Republic of China controlled seven districts and governed them as Xinjiang Province, while the other three were governed by the Three Districts Economic Commission which consisted of the former leadership of the Second East Turkestan Republic.[2]
In the summer of 1949, the PLA drove into the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province and pressed toward Xinjiang. At the time, Xinjiang was ruled by a coalition government based in Dihua (present-day Ürümqi), which consisted of Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang, KMT) and the leadership of the former Second East Turkestan Republic (ETR), a satellite state of the Soviet Union which controlled the "Three Districts" in northern Xinjiang from 1944 to 1946, during the Ili Rebellion. Under the coalition government which ruled Xinjiang from 1946 to 1949, the KMT controlled most of the province while the leaders of the former ETR retained autonomy in the Three Districts. The People's Republic of China (PRC) was proclaimed on October 1, 1949, and PLA general Wang Zhen was tasked by his superior Peng Dehuai with taking Xinjiang. In the fall of 1949, the CCP reached separate agreements with the political leadership of the KMT and the Three Districts.
The CCP persuaded the KMT provincial and military leadership to surrender. The Soviet Union induced the leaders of the former ETR to accede to the CCP. In August 1949, Ehmetjan Qasim and his delegation of four other top ETR leaders died in a plane crash en route to Beijing[3][4][5] to attend the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the CCP's apex united front conference. In December, the PRC government incorporated the Ili National Army (formerly the East Turkestan National Army) into the PLA. Most of the remaining former ETR leadership accepted the absorption of the autonomous Three Districts into the PRC. They subsequently joined the surrendered KMT officials in taking senior positions in the PRC government.
The PRC's takeover of Xinjiang was largely achieved through political means and thus faced little armed resistance. The PLA entered Xinjiang in October 1949 and controlled most of the region by the spring of 1950. Among the major military actors in Xinjiang, only Yulbars Khan, a KMT loyalist, and Osman Batur, a former ETR commander turned KMT supporter, fought against the CCP. They were both defeated by the PLA.[6][7]
- ^ a b Ali Khan, Waqas. "THE UYGHUR INSURGENCY IN XINJIANG: THE SUCCESS POTENTIAL" (PDF). Defense Technical Information Center. U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Wang 2020, p. 275: "Ahmatjan Kasimi and other representatives of the Ili, Tarbagatay, and Altay districts who opposed Sabri's succession as provincial governor left Urumqi in August 1947 and returned to Ghulja to form their own political organization known as the 'Three Districts Economic Commission,' which sought to autonomously govern the Three Districts region; this marked the collapse of the Xinjiang Province Coalition Government."
- ^ Linda Benson, Ingvar Svanberg: China's Last Nomads: History and Culture of China's Kazaks: History and Culture of China's Kazaks, Routledge, 16.09.2016, 278 pages, page 115, Google Books.
- ^ Nick Holdstock: China's Forgotten People: Xinjiang, Terror and the Chinese State, Bloomsbury Publishing, 13.06.2019, 288 pages, page 57, Google Books.
- ^ David Eimer: The Emperor Far Away: Travels at the Edge of China, A&C Black, 14.08.2014, 336 pages, page 56, Google Books.
- ^ Starr 2004: 86
- ^ "Sinkiang and Sino-Soviet Relations" (PDF). Retrieved 14 March 2017.
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search