Jean de Lattre de Tassigny

Marshal Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
General de Lattre in 1946
32nd Chief of the Army Staff
In office 30 November 1945 – 12 March 1947
Preceded by	Maurice Gamelin
Succeeded by	Georges Revers [fr]
Personal details
Born	(1889-02-02)2 February 1889 Mouilleron-en-Pareds, France
Died	11 January 1952(1952-01-11) (aged 62) Paris, France
Spouse	Simonne Calary de Lamazière
Children	Bernard de Lattre de Tassigny
Alma mater	Lycée Sainte-Geneviève École Spéciale Militaire
Nickname	Le Roi Jean
Military service
Allegiance	Third Republic Vichy France Free France Provisional Government Fourth Republic
Branch/service	French Army Cavalry (until 1915) Infantry (from 1915)
Years of service	1911–1952
Rank	Army general[a]
Unit	List 12th Dragoons Regiment[1] 93rd Infantry Regiment[2] 49th Infantry Regiment 21st Tirailleurs Regiment 4th Infantry Regiment[3] 46th Infantry Regiment[4] 5th Infantry Regiment[5]
Commands	List 151st Infantry Regiment[6] 14th Infantry Division 16th Military Region 2nd Army First Army Commander-in-Chief of Ground Forces in Western Europe Far East Expeditionary Corps
Battles/wars	First World War Battle of the Frontiers Battle of Verdun Nivelle offensive 3rd Battle of the Aisne Meuse-Argonne offensive Rif War Operations in Upper Moulouya Operations in Taza Second World War Battle of France Invasion of Elba Operation Dragoon Colmar Pocket Invasion of Germany First Indochina War Battle of Vĩnh Yên Battle of Mạo Khê Battle of the Day River Battle of Hòa Bình

Jean Joseph Marie Gabriel de Lattre de Tassigny^[b] (2 February 1889 – 11 January 1952) was a French général d'armée during World War II and the First Indochina War. He was posthumously elevated to the dignity of Marshal of France in 1952.

As an officer during World War I, he fought in various battles, including at Verdun, and was wounded five times, surviving the war with eight citations, the Legion of Honour, and the Military Cross. During the Interwar period, he took part in the Rif War in Morocco, where he was again wounded in action. He went on to serve in the Ministry of War and the staff of Conseil supérieur de la guerre under the vice president Général d'armée Maxime Weygand.

Early in World War II, from May to June 1940, he was the youngest French general. He led the 14th Infantry Division during the Battle of France in the battles of Rethel, Champagne-Ardenne, and Loire, until the Armistice of 22 June 1940. During the Vichy Regime, he remained in the Armistice Army, first in regional command posts, then as commander-in-chief of troops in Tunisia. After the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942, the Germans invaded the unoccupied portion of France; de Lattre, Commander of the 16th Military Division at Montpellier, refused the orders not to fight the Germans and was the only active general to order his troops to oppose the invaders. He was arrested, but escaped and defected to Charles de Gaulle's Free French Forces at the end of 1943. From 1943 to 1945 he was one of the senior leaders of the Liberation Army, commanding the forces which landed in the South of France on 15 August 1944, then fought up to the Rivers Rhine and Danube. He commanded large numbers of American troops when the US XXI Corps was assigned to his First Army during the battle of the Colmar Pocket. He was also the French representative at the signing of the German Instrument of Surrender in Berlin on 8 May 1945.

He became Commander-in-Chief of French Forces in Germany in 1945, then Inspector General and Chief of Staff of the French Army. In March 1947 he became the vice-president of the Conseil supérieur de la guerre. From 1948 to 1950 he served as Commander-in-chief of the Western Union's ground forces. In 1951, he was the High Commissioner, commander-in-chief in Indochina and commander-in-chief of the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, winning several battles against the Việt Minh. His only son was killed there, and then illness forced him to return to Paris where he died of cancer in 1952. He was elevated to the dignity of Marshal of France posthumously in 1952 during his state funeral.

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