Kosmos-3M

Kosmos-3M
(R-14 11K65M)

Drawing of the Kosmos-3M
Function	Orbital launch vehicle
Manufacturer	Yuzhnoye / NPO Polyot
Country of origin	Soviet Union, Russia
Size
Height	32.4 m (106 ft)
Diameter	2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Mass	109,000 kg (240,000 lb)
Stages	2
Capacity
Payload to Low Earth orbit
Mass	1,500 kg (3,300 lb)
Payload to Sun-synchronous orbit
Mass	775 kg (1,709 lb)
Launch history
Status	Retired
Launch sites	Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Site 132 Site 133/3 Kapustin Yar Site 107
Total launches	444
Success(es)	424
Failure(s)	20
First flight	15 May 1967
Last flight	27 April 2010
First stage – R-14U
Powered by	1 RD-216
Maximum thrust	1,485 kN (334,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	291 seconds
Burn time	131 seconds
Propellant	AK27I / UDMH
Second stage – S3M
Powered by	1 11D49[1]
Maximum thrust	157 kN (35,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	293 seconds
Burn time	350 + 350 seconds
Propellant	AK27I/UDMH
[edit on Wikidata]

The Kosmos-3M (Russian: Космос-3М meaning "Cosmos", GRAU index 11K65M) was a Russian space launch vehicle, member of the Kosmos rocket family. It was a liquid-fueled two-stage launch vehicle, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 successful launches to its name. The Kosmos-3M used UDMH fuel and AK27I oxidizer (red fuming nitric acid) to lift roughly 1,400 kg (3,100 lb) of payload into orbit. It differed from the earlier Kosmos-3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time. PO Polyot manufactured these launch vehicles in the Russian city of Omsk for decades. It was originally scheduled to be retired from service in 2011;^[2] however, in April 2010 the Commander of the Russian Space Forces confirmed that it would be retired by the end of 2010.^[3] One further launch, with Kanopus-ST, was planned; however, this was cancelled in late 2012 as the launch vehicle had exceeded its design life while in storage ahead of the launch.