Livonian Crusade

Livonian Crusade
Part of the Northern Crusades
A Teutonic Knight on the left and a Swordbrother on the right.
Date Around 1198 - 1290 (92 years) Location The Baltic States Result Crusader victory Latvian and Estonian tribes get Christianized in Terra Mariana Fall of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the Battle of Saule Ensuring the Livonian Civil War Territorial changes Creation of Terra Mariana and the Duchy of Estonia Creation of Archbishopric of Riga, Bishopric of Dorpat, Livonian Order, Bishopric of Courland and more within Terra Mariana territory Fall of many territories in the region like Principality of Jersika, Principality of Koknese, Tālava, Metsepole, Oeselians and more within the Baltic region
Belligerents
Crusaders Sword-Brothers Livonian Order  Medieval Denmark Duchy of Estonia Principality of Rügen Bishopric of Riga Bishopric of Dorpat Sweden Tālava christianized Livs, Letts, Estonians, Latgalians and Ungannians Bishopric of Courland Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek Novgorod Republic Pskov Republic	Baltic pagans (indigenous peoples) Livs (Livonians) Latgalians Curonians Estonians Oeselians Ungannians Selonians Semigallians Vends Grand Duchy of Lithuania Samogitians Novgorod Republic Pskov Republic Principality of Polotsk
Commanders and leaders
Volkwin † Wenno Wilken von Endorp † Otto von Lutterberg † Albert of Riga Berthold of Hanover † Theoderich von Treyden † Anders Sunesen Valdemar II of Denmark Witslaw of Rügen Albert of Saxony John of Sweden Caupo of Turaida † Tālivaldis of Tālava †	Ako of Salaspils † Vesceka of Kukenois † Visvaldis of Jersika Lembitu of Lehola † Viestards of Tērvete Nameisis of Zemgale Vykintas of Samogitia Treniota of Lithuania Traidenis of Lithuania

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History of Estonia
Ancient Estonia Kunda culture Narva culture Aesti Chudes Baltic Finnic peoples Ancient counties
Medieval Estonia Oeselians Viking Age Livonian Crusade Danish Estonia Old Livonia Baltic Germans
Swedish Estonia Livonian War Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721) Polish Livonia Swedish Livonia Great Northern War
Russian Estonia Russian Estonia Russian Livonia National awakening German occupation
Modern Estonia Declaration of Independence War of Independence Interwar period Era of Silence World War II Soviet occupation Singing Revolution Restoration of independence Contemporary Estonia
Chronology
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Part of a series on the
History of Latvia
Ancient Latvia Kunda culture Narva culture Corded Ware culture Amber Road / Aesti Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians
Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian Crusade Livonian Brothers of the Sword Livonian Order Archbishopric of Riga Bishopric of Courland Terra Mariana Baltic Germans
Early modern period Livonian War Kingdom of Livonia Duchy of Livonia Inflanty Voivodeship Swedish Livonia Polish–Swedish Wars (1600–1629) Second Northern War Great Northern War Duchy of Courland and Semigallia Couronian colonization
National Awakening Governorate of Livonia Courland Governorate Vitebsk Governorate The First Latvian National Awakening New Current
Modern Latvia Latvian Riflemen German occupation United Baltic Duchy Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic War of Independence 1934 Latvian coup d'état 1940 Soviet occupation Nazi occupation The Holocaust in Latvia 1944 Soviet re-occupation Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Popular Front of Latvia Singing Revolution Restoration of Independence 2008 Latvian financial crisis
Chronology
Latvia portal
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The Livonian crusade^[1][2] consists of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12–13th century. The Livonian crusade was conducted mostly by the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark. It ended with the creation of Terra Mariana and the Danish duchy of Estonia. The lands on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea were one of the last parts of Europe to be Christianised. The available information is largely based on Livonian Chronicle of Henry.

On 2 February 1207,^[3] in the territories conquered, an ecclesiastical state called Terra Mariana was established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire,^[4] and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as a subject of the Holy See.^[5] After the completion of the crusade, the Teutonic- and Danish-occupied territory was divided into six feudal principalities by William of Modena.