Luxembourg (Belgium)

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Province of Luxembourg Luxemburg (Dutch, German)
Province of Belgium
Flag Coat of arms
Coordinates: 49°55′N 5°25′E / 49.92°N 5.42°E / 49.92; 5.42
Country	Belgium
Region	Wallonia
Capital (and largest city)	Arlon
Government
• Governor	Olivier Schmitz
Area [1]
• Total	4,459 km2 (1,722 sq mi)
Population  (1 January 2019)[2]
• Total	284,638
• Density	64/km2 (170/sq mi)
GDP [3]
• Total	€7.887 billion (2021)
ISO 3166 code	BE-WLX
HDI (2019)	0.899[4] very high · 10th of 11
Website	www.province.luxembourg.be

Luxembourg (French: Luxembourg [lyksɑ̃buʁ] ^ⓘ; Dutch: Luxemburg [ˈlyksəmˌbʏr(ə)x] ^ⓘ; German: Luxemburg [ˈlʊksm̩bʊʁk] ^ⓘ; Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ] ^ⓘ; Walloon: Lussimbork), also called Belgian Luxembourg or West Luxembourg,^[5][6] is the southernmost province of Wallonia and of Belgium. It borders on the country of Luxembourg to the east, the French departments of Ardennes, Meuse and Meurthe-et-Moselle to the south and southwest, and the Walloon provinces of Namur and Liège to the north. Its capital and largest city is Arlon, in the south-east of the province.

It has an area of 4,459 km² (1,722 sq mi), making it the largest Belgian province. With around 285,000 residents, Luxembourg is also the least populated province, with a density of 64/km² (170/sq mi), making it a relatively sparsely settled part of a very densely populated region, as well as the lowest density in Belgium. It is significantly larger (71%) than, but has less than half the population of, the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. About eighty percent of the province is part of the densely wooded Ardennes region. The southernmost region of the province is called Gaume or Belgian Lorraine (main city: Virton).

The Arelerland or Arlon region (in red on the map of arrondissements, below) bordering the neighbouring Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg has the particularity that many of its residents have historically spoken Luxembourgish, a language closely related to German, rather than the French or Walloon spoken elsewhere in the province.

The province was separated from the grand-duchy by the Third Partition of Luxembourg, de jure in 1830–31 by the Conference of London dealing with the consequences of the Belgian Revolution of 1830, and de facto in 1839, after William I, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, agreed to the terms of the partition and the province was given to the newly created Kingdom of Belgium.

An unofficial flag of the province exists, with the current colours of Luxembourg (red, white, and blue), as well as the province's coat of arms on the foreground.^{[citation needed]}