MPLA

People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola

*Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola*
People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola
Abbreviation	MPLA
Chairman	João Lourenço
Secretary-General	Paulo Pombolo
Founders	Agostinho Neto; Viriato da Cruz
Founded	10 December 1956
Merger of	PLUAA; MINE; PCA;
Headquarters	Luanda, Luanda Province
Newspaper	• Jornal de Angola
Youth wing	Youth of MPLA
Women's wing	Organization of Angolan Women
Paramilitary wing	People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (1956–1993)
Membership (2022)	3,000,000
Ideology	Angolan nationalism; Social democracy; Democratic socialism; 1976–1992:; Marxism; Marxism–Leninism; Communism; Left-wing nationalism;
Political position	Centre-left to left-wing; 1976–1992:; Left-wing to far-left;
International affiliation	Socialist International (since 2006)
African affiliation	FLMSA; CONCP;
Colours	Red
Slogan	• "Peace, Work and Liberty"; • "MPLA e os Novos Desafios";
National Assembly	124 / 220
SADC PF	0 / 5
Pan-African Parliament	0 / 5
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
	mpla.ao
	Politics of Angola; Political parties; Elections;

The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), for some years^[when?] called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola – Partido do Trabalho), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.

^ "MPLA: João Lourenço diz que teve a coragem de lutar contra a corrupção". Observador (in Portuguese). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b Andresen Guimarães, Fernando (2001). The Origins of the Angolan Civil War: Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict, 1961–76. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-59826-3 (inactive 17 March 2024).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)
^ Péclard, Didier (31 August 2021). "Nationalism, Liberation, and Decolonization in Angola". Oxford Academic – African History. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.640. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4.
^ ^a ^b C. Docherty, James; Lamb, Peter (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Scarecrow Press. p. 276.
^ ^a ^b Poddar, Prem; S. Patke, Rajeev; Jensen, Lars, eds. (2008). A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures – Continental Europe and its Empires. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 480–481.
^ "Estatuto do MPLA". MPLA.ao. MPLA. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b Szajkowski, Bogdan, ed. (1981). Marxist Governments: A World Survey. Macmillan Publishers. pp. 72–76. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04329-3. ISBN 978-1-349-04331-6.
^ ^a ^b Hodges, Tony (2001). Angola: From Afro-Stalinism to Petro-Diamond Capitalism. Indiana University Press.
^ Ball, Jeremy (20 November 2017). "The History of Angola". Oxford Academic – African History. Oxford University Press: 20. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.180. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4. The MPLA adopted Marxism in 1976, which strengthened its ties to Cuba and the Soviet Union.
^ Drew, Allison, ed. (1 May 2013). "16". The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism. Oxford Academic. pp. 285–302. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.003.
^ Vanaik, Achin (13 December 2021). "Humanitarian Intervention Is a Cloak for Military Aggression". Jacobin. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022.
^ Lamb, Peter; Docherty, James C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism (Second ed.). The Scarecrow Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8108-5560-1. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
^ "Comité central do MPLA alargado para 497 membros" [MPLA central committee enlarged to 497 members]. Jornal de Angola (in Portuguese). 15 June 2019. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. O conclave, o primeiro convocado pelo presidente do partido e chefe de Estado, João Lourenço, decorreu sob o lema "MPLA e os Novos Desafios" [The conclave, the first called by the party's president and head of state, João Lourenço, took place under the slogan "MPLA and the New Challenges".]

[1] "MPLA: João Lourenço diz que teve a coragem de lutar contra a corrupção". Observador (in Portuguese). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022.

[fernando-2] Andresen Guimarães, Fernando (2001). The Origins of the Angolan Civil War: Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict, 1961–76. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-59826-3 (inactive 17 March 2024).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (link)

[3] Péclard, Didier (31 August 2021). "Nationalism, Liberation, and Decolonization in Angola". Oxford Academic – African History. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.640. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4.

[social-4] C. Docherty, James; Lamb, Peter (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Scarecrow Press. p. 276.

[poddar-5] Poddar, Prem; S. Patke, Rajeev; Jensen, Lars, eds. (2008). A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures – Continental Europe and its Empires. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 480–481.

[MPLA-6] "Estatuto do MPLA". MPLA.ao. MPLA. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

[bogdan-7] Szajkowski, Bogdan, ed. (1981). Marxist Governments: A World Survey. Macmillan Publishers. pp. 72–76. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04329-3. ISBN 978-1-349-04331-6.

[afro-8] Hodges, Tony (2001). Angola: From Afro-Stalinism to Petro-Diamond Capitalism. Indiana University Press.

[9] Ball, Jeremy (20 November 2017). "The History of Angola". Oxford Academic – African History. Oxford University Press: 20. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.180. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4. The MPLA adopted Marxism in 1976, which strengthened its ties to Cuba and the Soviet Union.

[10] Drew, Allison, ed. (1 May 2013). "16". The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism. Oxford Academic. pp. 285–302. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.003.

[11] Vanaik, Achin (13 December 2021). "Humanitarian Intervention Is a Cloak for Military Aggression". Jacobin. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022.

[12] Lamb, Peter; Docherty, James C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism (Second ed.). The Scarecrow Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8108-5560-1. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2017.

[13] "Comité central do MPLA alargado para 497 membros" [MPLA central committee enlarged to 497 members]. Jornal de Angola (in Portuguese). 15 June 2019. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. O conclave, o primeiro convocado pelo presidente do partido e chefe de Estado, João Lourenço, decorreu sob o lema "MPLA e os Novos Desafios" [The conclave, the first called by the party's president and head of state, João Lourenço, took place under the slogan "MPLA and the New Challenges".]

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