Musandam Governorate

Musandam Governorate مُحَافَظَة مُسَنْدَم
Governorate
The village of Bukha on the Musandam Peninsula
Musandam Governorate of Oman. The exclave of Madha is indicated in red below the Musandam Peninsula.
Coordinates: 25°55′N 56°17′E / 25.917°N 56.283°E / 25.917; 56.283
Country	Oman
Capital	Khasab
Government
• Sultan	Haitham bin Tariq Al Said
• Governor	Sayyid Ibrahim bin Said al Busaidy
Area
• Total	1,800 km2 (700 sq mi)
Population  (2020 census)
• Total	49,062
• Density	27/km2 (71/sq mi)

The Musandam Governorate (Arabic: مُحَافَظَة مُسَنْدَم, romanized: Muḥāfaẓat Musandam) is a governorate of Oman. With the exception of the exclave of Madha,^[1] it is located on the Musandam Peninsula, which juts into the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow entry into the Persian Gulf, from the Arabian Peninsula. The governorate is also an exclave, separated from the rest of Oman by the United Arab Emirates. Its location gives Oman partial control, shared with Iran, of the strategic strait. In the northern section of Musandam, around Kumzar, the language is Kumzari, which is a southwestern Iranian language closely related to Larestani and Luri. The Musandam Peninsula has an area of 1,800 km² (690 sq mi) and, at the 2020 census, a population of 49,062.

Access to the peninsula was formerly difficult, with the only options being limited flights or a ten-hour drive through four immigration posts. The Shinas fast ferry service between Muscat and Musandam was launched in August 2008 to alleviate this problem and make the region more accessible.^[2] The governorate is accessible by land only from the United Arab Emirates. Mainland Musandam can be accessed by Ras al-Khaimah near Al-Jeer via Route 2, and an exclave of Sharjah, Dibba Al-Hisn. Oman Air provides an air link between the capital of the country, Muscat, and the main administrative town of the governorate, Khasab.

The area was autonomous under indigenous control but became part of Oman after a British invasion in 1971 to bring it under the control of the Oman regime of Sultan Qaboos, who took power after a British-backed coup against his father.^[3]