PGM-19 Jupiter

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SM-78/PGM-19 Jupiter
Jupiter missile emplacement showing ground support equipment. The bottom third of the missile is encased in a "flower petal shelter" of wedge-shaped metal panels allowing crews to service the missile in all weather conditions.
Type	Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)
Place of origin	United States
Service history
Used by	United States Air Force Italian Air Force Turkish Air Force
Production history
Designed	1954
Manufacturer	Chrysler
Produced	1956–1961
No. built	approx. 100 (45 deployed)
Variants	Juno II
Specifications
Mass	49,800 kg (110,000 lb)
Length	18.3 m (60 ft)
Diameter	2.67 m (8 ft 9 in)
Warhead	W38 warhead 3.75 Mt or W49 1.44 Mt
Blast yield	3.75 Mt or 1.44 Mt
Engine	Rocketdyne LR79-NA (Model S-3D) liquid LRE 150,000 lbf (667 kN)
Propellant	kerosene and liquid oxygen
Operational range	1,500–1,700 mi (2,400–2,700 km)
Flight ceiling	610 km (380 mi)

The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear armed, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF). It was a liquid-propellant rocket using RP-1 fuel and LOX oxidizer, with a single Rocketdyne LR79-NA (model S-3D) rocket engine producing 667 kilonewtons (150,000 lb_f) of thrust. It was armed with the 1.44 megatons of TNT (6.0 PJ) W49 nuclear warhead. The prime contractor was the Chrysler Corporation.

The Jupiter was originally designed by the US Army, which was looking for a highly accurate missile designed to strike enemy states such as China and the Soviet Union. The US Navy also expressed an interest in the design as an SLBM but left the collaboration to work on their solid-fuel Polaris. Jupiter retained the short, squat shape intended to fit in submarines.