Back سياسة كندا Arabic Палітыка Канады Byelorussian Държавно устройство на Канада Bulgarian কানাডার রাজনীতি Bengali/Bangla Política de Canadá Spanish سیاست در کانادا Persian Kanadan politiikka Finnish Politique au Canada French Politica del Canada Italian カナダの政治 Japanese
Politics of Canada | |
|---|---|
| Polity type | Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Constitution | Constitution of Canada |
| Legislative branch | |
| Name | Parliament |
| Type | Bicameral |
| Meeting place | Parliament Buildings |
| Upper house | |
| Name | Senate |
| Presiding officer | Raymonde Gagné, Speaker |
| Appointer | Governor General |
| Lower house | |
| Name | House of Commons |
| Presiding officer | Greg Fergus, Speaker |
| Executive branch | |
| Head of State | |
| Currently | King Charles III represented by Mary Simon, Governor General |
| Head of Government | |
| Currently | Prime Minister Justin Trudeau |
| Appointer | Governor General |
| Cabinet | |
| Name | Cabinet of Canada |
| Current cabinet | 29th Canadian Ministry |
| Leader | Prime Minister |
| Deputy leader | Deputy Prime Minister |
| Appointer | Governor General |
| Ministries | 29 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Name | Court system of Canada |
| Supreme Court | |
| Chief judge | Richard Wagner |
 |
|---|
The politics of Canada functions within a framework of parliamentary democracy and a federal system of parliamentary government with strong democratic traditions.[1] Canada is a constitutional monarchy where the monarch is head of state. In practice, executive authority is entrusted to the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown chaired by the Prime Minister of Canada that act as the executive committee of the King's Privy Council for Canada and are responsible to the democratically elected House of Commons.[2]
Canada is described as a "full democracy",[3] with a tradition of liberalism,[4] and an egalitarian,[5] moderate political ideology.[6][7][8] Extremism has never been prominent in Canadian politics.[9][10][11][12] The traditional "brokerage" model of Canadian politics leaves little room for ideology.[a][13] Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Canadian government.[14][15] An emphasis on social justice has been a distinguishing element of Canada's political culture.[16][17][18] Canada has placed emphasis on diversity, equity and inclusiveness for all its people.[19][20]
The country has a multi-party system in which many of its legislative practices derive from the unwritten conventions of and precedents set by the Westminster parliament of the United Kingdom. The two dominant political parties in Canada have historically been the Liberal Party of Canada and the current Conservative Party of Canada (as well as its numerous predecessors).[21] Parties like the New Democratic Party, the Quebec nationalist Bloc Québécois and the Green Party of Canada have grown in prominence, exerting their own influence to the political process.[21]
Canada has evolved variations: party discipline in Canada is stronger than in the United States and United Kingdom, and more parliamentary votes are considered motions of confidence, which tends to diminish the role of non-Cabinet members of parliament (MPs). Such members, in the government caucus, and junior or lower-profile members of opposition caucuses, are known as backbenchers. Backbenchers can, however, exert their influence by sitting in parliamentary committees, like the Public Accounts Committee or the National Defence Committee.
- ^ Canadian Law, 6th ed. (Canadian ed.). Nelson Education. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-17-672826-7.
- ^ Nathan Tidridge (2011). Canada's Constitutional Monarchy. Dundurn. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-55488-980-8.
- ^ "Democracy Index 2017- The Economist Intelligence Unit". eiu.com. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- ^ Anne Westhues; Brian Wharf (2014). Canadian Social Policy: Issues and Perspectives. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1-55458-409-3.
- ^ James Bickerton; Alain Gagnon (2009). Canadian Politics. University of Toronto Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4426-0121-5.
- ^ David Johnson (2016). Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada, Fourth Edition. University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–23. ISBN 978-1-4426-3521-0.
... most Canadian governments, especially at the federal level, have taken a moderate, centrist approach to decision making, seeking to balance growth, stability, and governmental efficiency and economy ... .
- ^ "Plurality-Majority Electoral Systems: A Review". Elections Canada. 27 August 2018.
First Past the Post in Canada has favoured broadly-based, accommodative, centrist parties ... .
- ^ Amanda Bittner; Royce Koop (1 March 2013). Parties, Elections, and the Future of Canadian Politics. UBC Press. pp. 300–302. ISBN 978-0-7748-2411-8.
- ^ Ambrose, Emma; Mudde, Cas (2015). "Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 21 (2): 213–236. doi:10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033. S2CID 145773856.
- ^ "Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave". New York Times. 2017.
- ^ Geddes, John (Feb 8, 2022). "What's actually standing in the way of right-wing populism in Canada?". Macleans.ca. Retrieved Oct 31, 2022.
- ^ "A Moment for Canada's Far Right, Still Struggling for Support". The New York Times. Feb 7, 2022. Retrieved Nov 22, 2022.
- ^ Cochrane, Christopher (2010). Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics. Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne De Science Politique, 43(3), 583-605. Retrieved January 21, 2021,
- ^ John Dixon; Robert P. Scheurell (March 17, 2016). Social Welfare in Developed Market Countries. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-317-36677-5.
- ^ Janina Boughey (2017). Human Rights and Judicial Review in Australia and Canada: The Newest Despotism?. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-5099-0788-5.
- ^ Katherine Fierlbeck (2006). Political Thought in Canada: An Intellectual History. University of Toronto Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-55111-711-9.
- ^ "Social Justice – International Comparisons".
- ^ "Canada is the No. 1 Country in the World, According to the 2021 Best Countries Report". April 13, 2021.
- ^ Shibao Guo; Lloyd Wong (2015). Revisiting Multiculturalism in Canada: Theories, Policies and Debates. University of Calgary. p. 317. ISBN 978-94-6300-208-0. Archived from the original on April 13, 2016.
- ^ McQuaig, L. (2010). Holding the Bully's Coat: Canada and the U.S. Empire. Doubleday Canada. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-385-67297-9. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
- ^ a b Tom Lansford (2019). Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019. SAGE Publications. p. 263. ISBN 978-1-5443-2713-6.
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