Politics of Finland

Politics of the Republic of Finland Suomen politiikka (Finnish) Finlands politik (Swedish)
Coat of arms of Finland
Polity type	Unitary parliamentary republic
Constitution	Constitution of Finland
Legislative branch
Name	Eduskunta/Riksdagen
Type	Unicameralism
Meeting place	Parliament House
Presiding officer	Jussi Halla-aho, Speaker of the Parliament
Executive branch
Head of State
Title	President
Currently	Alexander Stubb
Appointer	Popular vote
Head of Government
Title	Prime Minister
Currently	Petteri Orpo
Appointer	President
Cabinet
Name	Finnish Government
Current cabinet	Orpo Cabinet
Leader	Prime Minister
Appointer	President
Headquarters	Government Palace
Ministries	12
Judicial branch
Name	Judicial system of Finland
Courts	General Courts

Politics of Finland
State Constitution Declaration of Independence Human rights Law enforcement Military
Executive President (list) Alexander Stubb Prime Minister (list) Petteri Orpo Government Ministries (list)
Legislative Parliament Speaker: Jussi Halla-aho
Judiciary General Courts Supreme Court Courts of Appeal District Courts Administrative Courts Supreme Administrative Court Regional Administrative Courts Prosecutor General Chancellor of Justice
Recent elections Presidential: 2006 2012 2018 Parliamentary: 2015 2019 2023 European: 2014 2019 2024
Political parties Social Democratic Party (SDP) Finns Party (PS) National Coalition Party (KOK) Centre Party (KESK) Green League (VIHR) Left Alliance (VAS) Swedish People's Party (RKP) Christian Democrats (KD) Movement Now (LIIK)
Administrative divisions Regions (Maakunnat, Landskap) Sub-regions (Seutukunnat, Ekonomiska regioner) Municipalities (Kunnat, Kommuner) Wellbeing services counties (Hyvinvointialueet, Välfärdsområde)
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Elina Valtonen Diplomatic missions of / in Finland Ambassadors Politics of the European Union
Finland portal Other countries
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The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. Finland is a republic whose head of state is President Alexander Stubb, who leads the nation's foreign policy and is the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces.^[1] Finland's head of government is Prime Minister Petteri Orpo, who leads the nation's executive branch, called the Finnish Government.^[2] Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Finland (Finnish: Suomen eduskunta, Swedish: Finlands riksdag),^[3] and the Government has limited rights to amend or extend legislation. The Constitution of Finland vests power to both the President and Government: the President has veto power over parliamentary decisions, although this power can be overruled by a majority vote in the Parliament.^[4]

The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches. The judiciary consists of two systems: regular courts and administrative courts. The judiciary's two systems are headed by the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court, respectively. Administrative courts process cases in which official decisions are contested. There is no constitutional court in Finland: the constitutionality of a law can be contested only as applied to an individual court case.

The citizens of Finland enjoy many individual and political freedoms, and suffrage is universal at the age of 18; Finnish women became the first in the world to have unrestricted rights both to vote and to run for public office.

The country's population is ethnically homogeneous with no sizable immigrant population. Few tensions exist between the Finnish-speaking majority and the Swedish-speaking minority, although in certain circles there is an unending debate about the status of the Swedish language.^{[clarification needed]}

Finland's labor agreements are based on collective bargaining. Bargaining is highly centralized, and often the government participates to coordinate fiscal policy. Finland has universal validity of collective labour agreements and often, but not always, the trade unions, employers, and the Government reach a national income policy agreement. Significant Finnish trade unions include SAK, STTK, AKAVA, and EK.^[5]

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Finland a "full democracy" in 2022.^[6] According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Finland was 2023 the 13th most electoral democratic country in the world.^[7]